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Systems (MIS)
Revise Syllabus
under
Credit based Semester and Grading
System
Assessment Pattern
40 marks - Internal Assessment (IA)
60 marks - University Assessment (UA)
Total
- 100 Marks
No of Credit - 2.5
Syllabus
Basic Information Concepts and Definitions
Need for Information and Information Systems (IS) in an
organization
Characteristics of Information and Organisation with
respect to organization form, structure , philosophy,
hierarchy etc
Types of IS Transaction
Operational Control
Management Control
Decision Support
Executive Information Systems
Determining Information Needs for an
Organisation/Individual Manager
Overview of use of data flow method, analysis of
information for decision processes etc.
Syllabus .. Contd.
Strategic use of Information and IS Use of Information
10Marks
Test 1
Test 2 / or
Presentatio
Combine
n
with Test 1 /
Written
Assignment
Objective
Descriptive
Will be based on UA
10 Marks
10 Marks
5 marks
Attendance
Individual / 5 Marks
in group of -Reserved
2-3
members in
each group
Total 40
Marks IA
studies
Will discuss one or two questions , which
were asked in previous question papers
1 session for presentation
1 session - presentation & Test
Data Flow
Data > Information > Knowledge > Wisdom
Wisdom
Data
Information
Knowledge
What is Information?
Data: Raw facts, figures, and details.
Information: An organized, meaningful, and
The IT Infrastructure
Documentation
Guides
Procedures
Training Products
People
Ha
re
rdw
a
Skill Sets
are
lew Software Tools
LAN Equipment
p
o
Pe
WAN
Servers
Work Stations
Software
Air Conditioning
Main Frames Plant
Applications
Databases
Network
Operating
Systems
Operating
Systems
Overwhelming Demand:
Unstructured capture of
requests and ideas
No formal process for
prioritization and trade-offs
Reactive vs. proactive
IT Seen as Black Box:
Business lacks
visibility
Poor customer
satisfaction
Disparate Systems
Reduce Efficiency
Relevant Metrics
Hard to Obtain
Disparate Systems Costly to
Maintain and Upgrade
IT Governance Landscape
INTRODUCTION
MIS planning for, developing, managing, and
Manageme
nt
Websters Dictionary
Informatio
n
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
A system is defined as (1) a set (2) of objects
(3) together with relationships (4) between
the objects and between their attributes (5)
related to each other and to their environment
(6) so as to form a whole.
SET any well defined collection of elements or objects
within some frame of reference
Processing
Output
Brain
Behaviors
Cognitive Frames
- Assumptions
- Criteria
Macro
- Speaking
- Eating
- Pointing
Internal States
Memory Personal
History
Micro
- Heart Rate
- Voice Temp
- Skin Temp
Science
Labor
Money
Materials
Technolog
y
Products,
goods and
services
Management
Input
Process
Output
Management
and
Equipmen
t
Government
Marketable
waste
Pollution
Public
Environment
i
i
p
To other systems
p
o
i
Input
Process
Output
i
0
p
I
Feedback
Ecology
The organization
Input
Process
Government
Output
Feedback
Capital
General
Public
Land
Competitors
Technology
Socio-Technical System
Social
System
STRUCTURE
Technical
System
TECHNOLOGY
MIS
(Direct)
PEOPLE
TASKS
CHALLENGES
Technology advances
Productivity challenge
Strategic business challenge
People challenge
Competitive Intelligence
One of the most important aspects in developing a competitive
advantage is to acquire information on the activities and actions
of competitors.
Such information-gathering drives business performance
by increasing market knowledge
improving knowledge management
raising the quality of strategic planning
The
The
The
The
The
(an abbreviated version of the term value added chain from economics)
(Continued)
The initial purpose of the value chain model was to analyze the internal
operations of a corporation, in order to increase its efficiency,
effectiveness, and competitiveness. We can extend that company
analysis, by systematically evaluating a companys key processes and
core competencies to eliminate any activities that do not add value to
the product.
(Continued)
Secondary
Activities
Valu
e
Primary Activities
CRM
Value Chains
High-Volume, Easily Configured Products
Complex Configured Hardware
OEM Hardware
Customers
Sales
Ibm.com
Integrated
Product
Development
Distributed Software
Entitled Software
Fufillment
Supplier
Collaberation
Suppliers
Procurement
Services
Financing
Integrated
Supply Chain
Enterprise Information
Management
Business Policies and Rules
Self-Service
Knowledge Management
Employees
1960s - 1970s
Operational Level
Information System
Focus
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) -
Operational Level
Information System
Focus
Decision Support Systems (DSS) supports and assists in all problem-specific
decision making.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Expert
Information System
Focus
Executive Support System (ESS)
Group Support System (GSS)
Strategic
Level
Tactical
Level
STRATEGIC LEVEL
MANAGERS
MANAGEMENT LEVEL
MANAGERS
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
KNOWLEDGE &
SENIOR
MIDDLE
DATA WORKERS
OPERATIONAL
OPERATIONAL LEVEL
MANAGERS
SALES &
HUMAN
MARKETING
GROUPS
MANUFACTURING FINANCE
ACCOUNTING
RESOURCE
S
Information Systems
Process Systems and Knowledge Systems
Type of system
Process systems
Knowledge systems
Type of Data
Quantitative /
Structured
Quantitative /
Structured
Qualitative /
Unstructured
Examples of
technology
ERP / TPS
Business intelligence
Content Management
SCM
Data Mining
Information Portals
CRM
Example
Collaborative tools
Characteristics of
Information System Capabilities
Capability
Orientation
Level
Focus
Nature
TPS
MIS
DSS
OAS
EIS
AI/ES
IOS
Data
Information
Decision
Productivity
Problem
Knowledge
Data
Operational
Management control
All, strategic
Operational
Executive
Operational
Operational
Task, Efficiency
Resource
Alternatives
Task, Efficiency
Status, Problem
Problem
Task, Efficiency
Structured
Structured
Unstructured
Structured
Flexible, easy
Structured
Structured
rategic Information Systems -- Information systems that play a major role in a products value cha
Although there is no clear-cut separation between strategic information systems and other systems, a number of
characteristics indicate whether an information system should be considered strategic.
Systems should be considered strategic if :
they help differentiate the product form its competitors;
if the customers directly perceive the value of the information system to them; or
if the products production, sales, and service require the system.
Feedforward Control
Ratio control
2. Controller design based on steadystate models
3. Controller design based on dynamic
models
4. Feedback-feedforward control
1.
Sources of Management
Information
Employees
Corporate
Databases
databases
of
of
external
internal
data
data
Business
transactions
Transaction Databases
processing of
valid
systems
transactions
Operational
databases
Management
information
systems
Corporate
intranet
Application
databases
Drill-down reports
Exception reports
Demand reports
Key-indicator reports
Input and
error list
Scheduled
reports
Decision
support
systems
Executive
support
systems
Expert
systems
Outputs of a
Management Information System
Scheduled reports
Produced periodically, or on a schedule (daily,
weekly, monthly)
Key-indicator report
Summarizes the previous days critical activities
Typically available at the beginning of each day
Demand report
Gives certain information at a managers request
Exception report
Automatically produced when a situation is unusual
Characteristics of a Management
Information System
Provides reports with fixed and standard
formats
Hard-copy and soft-copy reports
system
End users can develop custom reports
Requires formal requests from users
Functional Aspects
MIS is an integrated collection of functional
Internet
Internet
An Organizations
MIS
Financial
MIS
Business
transactions
Transaction
processing
systems
Business
transactions
Extranet
Extranet
Databases
of
valid
transactions
Databases
of
external
data
Accountin
g
MIS
Marketing
MIS
Human
Resources
MIS
Etc.
Etc.
Financial MIS
Provides financial information to all
Databases of
internal data
Databases of
external data
Financial
DSS
Business
transactions
Transaction
processing
systems
Databases
of valid
transactions
for each
TPS
Business
transactions
Internet
Internet
or
or
Extranet
Extranet
Business
transactions
Financial
MIS
Financial statements
Operational
databases
Customers,
Suppliers
Financial
applications
databases
Financial
ES
Manufacturing MIS
Databases of
internal data
Databases of
external data
Manufacturing
DSS
Business
transactions
Transaction
processing
systems
Databases
of valid
transactions
for each
TPS
Business
transactions
Manufacturing
MIS
Internet
Internet
or
or
Extranet
Extranet
Business
transactions
Manufacturing
applications
databases
Operational
databases
JIT reports
MRP reports
Production schedule
CAD output
Customers,
Suppliers
Manufacturing
ES
Order processing
Inventory data
Receiving and inspecting data
Personnel data
Production process
External sources
Manufacturing MIS
Subsystems and Outputs
Design and engineering
Master production scheduling
Inventory control
Manufacturing resource planning
Just-in-time inventory and
manufacturing
Process control
Computer-integrated manufacturing
(CIM)
Quality control and testing
Marketing MIS
Supports managerial activities in product
Databases of
internal data
Business
transactions
Transaction
processing
systems
Databases of
external data
Databases
of valid
transactions
for each
TPS
Marketing
MIS
Manufacturing
DSS
Marketing
applications
databases
Sales by customer
Sales by salesperson
Operational
databases
Sales by product
Pricing report
Total service calls
Customer satisfaction
Manufacturing
ES
Databases of
internal data
Business
transactions
Transaction
processing
systems
Databases of
external data
Databases
of valid
transactions
for each
TPS
Human
Resource
MIS
Manufacturing
DSS
Human
resource
applications
databases
Benefit reports
Salary surveys
Operational
databases
Scheduling reports
Training test scores
Job applicant profiles
Needs and planning
reports
Manufacturing
ES
External sources
Other MISs
Accounting MISs
Provides aggregated information on
Information
Systems
Today
Terminology
In many textbooks and contexts, the terms
Theory
IS and Computer Science
IS and Cognitive Psychology
Theory
IS and Computer Science
IS and Cognitive Psychology
Anthonys
Management
Hierarchy
Strategic
Planning
Management Control
Operational Control
Organizational Members
Operational Control
concerned with carrying out the tasks
Management Control/Tactical
Management
concerned with the utilization and
Information Requirements
Gorry and Scott Morton were concerned
Information Requirements by
Management Level
Characteristics
of Information
Operational
Control
Source
Largely Internal
Scope
Well defined,
narrow
Detailed
Level of
Aggregation
Time Horizon
Management
Control
Strategic
Planning
Internal and
Largely External
Very wide
Aggregate
Historical
Future
Currency
Highly current
Required
Accuracy
Frequency of Use
High
Need not be up to
the minute
Lower, Estimates
are acceptable
Infrequent, ad-hoc
Very frequent
Simons Categorization
concerned with the manner in which
Simons Programmed
Decisions
they are repetitive and routine
follow a preset definite procedure each
Management
Control
Strategic Planning
Structured
1
Inventory reordering
2
Budget Analysis,
short-term forecasting,
Make or Buy Analysis
3
Plant Location,
Financial
Management
(investment),
Distribution Systems.
Semistructured
4
Bond trading,
Production Scheduling
5
Credit Evaluation,
Budget Preparation,
Plant Layout, Project
Scheduling, Reward
Systems Design
7
Selecting a Cover for a
Magazine, Approving
Loans, Buying Software
8
Negotiating, Recruiting
Executives, Lobbying
6
Building New Plant,
Mergers &
Acquisitions, New
Product Planning,
Compensation
Planning, Quality
Assurance Planning
9
R & D Planning,
New Technology
Development, Social
Responsibility
Planning
Unstructured
Operational
Control
Support Needed
Clerical, MIS, OR
Models, Transaction
Processing Systems
Decision Support
Systems
Human Intuition,
Expert Systems,
Executive Support Systems
Semi-structured
Unstructured
Support Needed
Operational Control
Management
Control
Strategic Planning
1
Inventory reordering
2
Budget Analysis,
short-term
forecasting, Make
or Buy Analysis
3
Plant Location,
Financial
Management
(investment),
Distribution
Systems.
4
Bond trading, Production
Scheduling
5
Credit Evaluation,
Budget
Preparation, Plant
Layout, Project
Scheduling,
Reward Systems
Design
7
Selecting a Cover for a
Magazine, Approving
Loans, Buying Software
8
Negotiating,
Recruiting
Executives,
Lobbying
6
Building New
Plant, Mergers &
Acquisitions, New
Product Planning,
Compensation
Planning, Quality
Assurance
Planning
9
R & D Planning,
New Technology
Development,
Social
Responsibility
Planning
MIS
Management Science
OR Models
Management
Science
DSS,
EIS, ES
EIS,
Neural Networks,
Executive Mental
Models
Support Needed
Clerical, MIS, OR
Models, Transaction
Processing Systems
Human Intuition,
Expert Systems,
Executive
Information/Support
Systems