Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Alvin Fox
Suggested reading: Murray, Third edition
Chapter 3
KEY WORDS
Cell envelope
Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin)
Cell wall
Teichoic acid
Cell membrane
Teichuronic acid
Outer membrane
Lipoteichoic acid
Peptidoglycan
Mycolic acid
Braun lipoprotein
Undecaprenol (bactoprenol)
Porins
Endospore
Cell Envelope
The cell envelope may be defined as the
cell membrane and cell wall plus an outer
membrane if one is present.
present
The cell wall consists of the peptidoglycan
layer and attached structures.
structures
Peptidoglycan
A single bag-shaped, highly crosslinked macromolecule that surrounds
the bacterial cell membrane and
provides rigidity.
Peptidoglycan-teichoic acid
r
r
r
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cytoplasm
r
r
r
r
Outer Membrane
Braun lipoprotein
r
Inner (cytoplasmic)
membrane
Cytoplasm
Lipopolysaccharide
Peptidoglycan
Structure of Lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharide
1. Lipid A is assembled in the cell membrane and the
core sugars attached sequentially.
2. O-antigen subunits are independently synthesized (on
a lipid carrier as in peptidoglycan synthesis).
3. The fully synthesized O-antigen is then attached to the
lipid A-core (generating lipopolysaccharide) in the cell
membrane before passage/insertion into the outer
membrane.
Endospores
1. These modified Gram positive bacterial cells have an
unusual cell envelope that contains a cell membrane and
an outer membrane.
2. The peptidoglycan layer is less cross-linked than in
most bacterial cells and contains a dehydrated form of
muramic acid.
3. The spore peptidoglycan is referred to as a cortex and
is found between the two membranes.