Marine Sediment

Bagian II
Metode Sampling Sedimen
Analisis Sedimen

Grain-size analysis of marine sediments:

METHODOLOGY AND DATA PROCESSING

Poppe, L.J.1, Eliason, A.H.2, Fredericks, J.J.3 , Rendigs, R.R.1, Blackwood D.1

Topics
Grain Size analysis
Standard method for marine sediment
sampling
Applied Stratigraphy

Sampling Sedimen
Tujuan :
1. Ukuran diameter butir,bentuk butiran
(kharakteristik Fisik)
2. Kandungan bahan organik
3. Kandungan bahan pencemar / sedimen sbg
pencemar
4. Densitas
5.Spesific gravity

Common Sediment Sampling Devices

Grab Samplers

Cambell Grab
Clamshell Grab
Orange Peel Grab
Petersen Grab
SEABOSS Grab
Smith-McIntyre Grab
Shipek Grab
Van Veen Grab

EmeryandSchlee,1963
Lay,1969
Lay,1969
Pettersson,1928
BlackwoodandParolski,2000
SmithandMcIntyre,1954
NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,1999
Lay,1969

Common Sediment Sampling Devices

Corers
Alpine VibracorerSeaSurveyorInc,2000
Electric VibracorerPVLTechnologiesInc,2000
Gravity Corer
LeeandClausner,1979
Hydraulically-Dampened Corer
Bothnerandothers,1997
Lamont Box Corer
LeeandClausner,1979
Phleger Corer
Phleger,1951
Piston Corer
LeeandClausner,1979
Spade Box Corer
RosfelderandMarshall,1967

Gravity Corer

CommonSedimentSamplingDevices
Sediment Traps
Cylindrical Sediment Trap Honjoandothers,1992
Time-Series Sediment TrapMcLaneResearchLaboratories,2000
Dredges
Rock Dredge
Shepard,1963
Pipe Dredge
Shepard,1963

Bedload Samplers

Helley-Smith Bedload Sampler

Emmitt,1980
USGS Bedload Sampler
RicklyHydrologicalCompany,2000

SEDIMENT TRAP

CylindricalSedimentTrap

Analisis Sedimen secara Visual

Purpose :
Visually classify the soils.
Standard Reference:
ASTM D 2488 - Standard Practice for Description
and Identification of Soils (Visual - Manual
Procedure)

Identification Procedure:
1. Identifikasi warna (coklat, hitam,abu abu), tekstur (kasar,halus),
dan bau (jika ada)
2. Identifikasi materi penyusun sedimen yang utama (> 50%) dengan
Tabel 1

3. Perkirakan persentase partikel penyusun berdasar pada tabel 1, dan

gunakan istilah berikut jika :
Istilah

Persentase

Jarang/sedikit sekali (trace)

0.- 10

Sedikit (little)

10 -20

Beberapa/sejumlah (Some)

20 -30

Dan (and)

30 - 50

Contoh :
Trace fine gravel,little silt,some clay
Sedikit sekali kerikil, sedikit lanau, beberapa lempung

4. Jika meteri penyusunnya yang dominan adalah pasir dan

kerikil, maka
4.A. identifikasi distribusi ukuran partikel (sortasi) tersebut.
1.

Well sorted / terpilah dengan bagus

: ukuran partikelnya tidak beragam/ seragam , ukuran
relatif sama

2.

Poorly sorted / tidak terpilah dengan bagus

: ukuran partikel beragam (variasi besar)

 4.B. Identifikasi bentuk partikelnya (particle shape), gunakan

gambar 1
Bentuk awal sesuai dengan mineralogy
Bentuk partikel Ellipsoidal, cylindrical and spherical : diakibatkan oleh
proses pengikisan (abrasi)
Semakin jauh dan lama transportasi, maka semakin besar pengikisan
permukaan partikel.
Media Transport :
Air : paling bisa merubah bentuk menjadi rounded
Angin : terjadi pengikisan , lebih lemah dari pada air
Es : jarang terjadi pengikisan

 Gb. 1a

 Gb. 1b

5. Jika materi penyusunnya dominan adalah partikel

halus?
Next week.

Dry strength test

Procedure :
Mold a sample into 1/8" size ball and let it dry.
Test the strength of the dry sample by cr ushing it between the fingers.
Describe the strength as none, low, medium, high or very high depending
on the results of the test as shown in Table 3(a).

Plasticity (or Toughness) Test

Procedure :
Roll the samples into a thread about 1/8" in diameter.
Fold the thread and reroll it repeatedly until the thread crumbles at a
diameter of 1/8"

Moisture Condition
Procedure:
Identify moisture condition (dry, moist, wet or saturated) using Table 5

 Record visual classification of the soil in the following order:

color, major constituent, minor constituents, particle
distribution and particle shape, plasticity, moisture content, soil
symbol.
Examples of coarse-grained soils:
Sed1: Brown fine gravel, some coarse to fine sand, trace silt, trace clay,
well gr aded, angular, dry.
Sed2: Gray coarse sand, trac e medium to fine sand, some silt, trace clay,
poorly graded, rounded, saturated

Dilatancy Test
The pnomenon whereby a viscous substance solidifies under
pressure.rocedure :
Make a sample of soft putty consistency in your palm. Then observe the
reaction during shaking, squeezing (by closing hand) and vigorous
tapping. The reaction is rapid, slow or none according to the test results
given in Table 3(b)

TERIMA KASIH