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FUNGSI
DAN KONSERVASI
BIODIVERSI
BIODIVERSITA
S
Definition:
Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature which includes the
differences in genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of
all the plant and animal species at different scales in space, locally, in a region, in
the country and the world, and various types of ecosystems, both terrestrial and
aquatic, within a defined area.
As defined in convention on Biological diversity singed at Rio De Jenerio (Brazil) in 1992 by
154 countries, the Biodiversity defined as the variability among living organisms from all
sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic eco-systems and the
ecological complexes of which the area part- this include diversity with in species, between
species and of ecosystem.
According to IUCN in 1998, the variety and variability of species of their population, the
variety of species of their life forms, the diversity of the complex association with species
with their interaction and their ecological process which influences perform.
Species
Ecosystem
diversity is the
effective
number of
different
species that are
represented in
a collection of
individuals
diversity refers to
the diversity of a
place at the level
of ecosystems.
The term differs
from biodiversity,
which refers to
variation in species
rather than
ecosystems.
Ecosystem diversity
SPECIES
Genetic diversity
DIVERSITY
Species = a particular type of
organism; a population or
group of populations whose
members share certain
characteristics and can freely
breed with one another and
produce fertile offspring
Includes diversity above
the species level.
Biologists have viewed
diversity above the
species level in various
ways. Some alternative ways to
categorize it include:
Community
diversity
Habitat diversity
Landscape
diversity
Food webs A and B are in different locations. Imagine if Leaf Hoppers died
out in both locations. Which one of these is the best prediction and
explanation for the effect this would have on the food webs?
A. The effect would be greater in food web A because the Parasitic Wasp has
only one food source in web A.
B. The effect would be greater in food web A because the Parasitic Wasp has
several food sources in web A.
C. The effect would be greater in food web B because the Parasitic Wasp has
only one food source in web B.
D. The effect would be greater in food web B because the Parasitic Wasp has
several food sources in web B.
TUGAS
TIAP-TIAP MAHASISWA MEMBUAT RESUME TENTANG
KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI INDONESIA
MAKSIMAL 5 SLIDE
SILAKAN DIKREASI SEDEMIKIAN RUPA DAN HASIL AKHIRNYA
DIKIRIMKAN KE awahabjufri@unram.ac.id (Kelas A) dan
wynsuana@unram.ac.id (Kelas B)
BATAS AKHIR MASUK KE INBOX EMAIL TUJUAN: 25 AGUSTUS
2016
FUNGSI
BIODIVERSITAS
FUNGSI BIODIVERSITAS
Nilai Konsumtif:
Makanan & Minuman
Bahan bakar
Obat-obatan
Bahan baku industri
Ecological Services:
Degradation of waste
Balance of nature
Biological productivity
Regulation of climate
Cleaning of air and water
Cycling of nutrients
Control of potential pest and disease causing species
Detoxification of soil and sediments
Stabilization of land against erosion
Carbon sequestration and global climate change
Maintenance of soil fertility
THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
Natural causes:
Narrow geographical area
Low population
Low breeding rate
Natural disasters
Diversity of subspecies
Endangered golden lion
tamarin, endemic to Brazils
Atlantic rainforest, which
has been almost totally
destroyed.
Within species,
diversity exists in
subspecies, or
geographic variations.
The tiger, Panthera
tigris, had 8
subspecies.
5 persist today,
including Panthera
tigris altaica, the
Siberian tiger.
CONSERVATI
ON OF
BIODIVERSIT
BIODIVERSITY CONVENSIONS
The first convention on biodiversity organized at Rio De Janerio, capital of Brazil from
June 5 to 16, 1992 named as United Nation Conference On Environment and
Development (UNCED), batter known as Rio Summit to maintain ecological balance
and enrich biodiversity. The agreement on biodiversity signed by 150 countries
including three programmes To ensure conservation of biodiversity
Sustainable use of biodiversity
Rational and equitable share of profit to accrue from use of genetic resources.
The second convention organized at Johannesburg in 2002 called World Summit On
Sustainable Development (WSSD) where the Biodiversity and Sustainable Ecosystem
Management was the issue.
Biodiversity inventories
Conserving Biodiversity in protected HabitatsIn situ conservation
Ex situ conservation
Seed Bank, Gene Bank, Pollen Bank, DNA
Bank
Restoration of Biodiversity
Imparting Environmental Education
Enacting, strengthening and enforcing Environmental
Legislation
Population Control
Reviewing the agriculture practice
Controlling Urbanization
Conservation through Biotechnology
Biodiversity
In situ Conservation
Ethics?
Do we have an ethical responsibility to prevent species extinction?
On one hand, as humans we need to use resources and consume other
organisms to survive.
On the other hand, we have conscious reasoning ability and are able to
make conscious decisions.
Conservation Biology
Scientific discipline devoted to understanding the factors, forces, and
processes that influence the loss, protection, and restoration of
biological diversity within and among ecosystems.
Applied and goal-oriented: conservation biologists
intend to prevent extinction.
Immigration
Extinction
Island size
Distance from the mainland
Biodiversity hotspot = an
area that supports an
especially high number of
species endemic to the area,
found nowhere else in the
world
Global map of
biodiversity
hotspots, as
determined by
Conservation
International.
CONCLUSION
Biodiversity is our life. If the Biodiversity got lost at this rate
then in near future, the survival of human being will be
threatened. So, it is our moral duty to conserve Biodiversity as
well our Environment. Long-term maintenance of species and
their management requires co-operative efforts across entire
landscapes. Biodiversity should be dealt with at scale of
habitats or ecosystems rather than at species level .