Katipunan and the

Drive for Nationhood

KATIPUNAN as a secret (the founding)

Backgroud: Jose Rizal came home to the Philippines

on 26 June 1892.
Rizal establish a civic society called LIGA PILIPINA.
Rizal launched the organization in Doroteo
Ongjuncos in Ilaya Street, Tondo.

On 6 and 7 July, Rizal was arrested and detained

upon the order of Governor-General Eulogio

Despujol.
Two weeks later, Rizal is exiled in 1892, Jul 17 to
Dapitan, Mindanao for organizing La Liga Filipina.

In the same date Bonifacio and some friends formed

a secret society.
Deodato Arellano, Ladislao Diwa, Valentin Diaz, Jose Dizon,
and Teodoro.
The organization was called the KATAASTAASAN
KAGALANG-GALANG NA KATIPUNAN NG MGA ANAK NG
BAYAN
-Aims to win independence from spain by means of
revolution.

Bonifacio, however, continued to work with the liga

also preparing the revolution.
Emelio Jacinto, bonifacio friend and adviser, wrote the
Cartilla or primer, which embodied the teaching of the
organization. The katipunan also operate printing
press and publish newspaper,kalayaan.

The spanish secret police knew of the existence of a

dangerous clandestine organization by early 1896.

April or may 1896, the existence of the katipunan
was already known to the Guardia Civil Veterana.
In 19 of August 1896, the confession of teodoro
Patinos sisiter to Fray Mariano Gil, the augustinian
curate of tondo, merley confirmed ,what the
government already knew.

Because of the information collected over a period of

time. Governor-General Ramon Blanco urged to

apply the JUEZ DE CUCHILLO OR total
annihilation of the Filipino population in prescribed
zone within the areas of uprising

Andres bonifacio, cited as president of the Tagalog

Republic. This engraving accopanied an article on the
Philipines Raevolution in the La Ilustracion Espanola y
American, 8 February 1897.
The journal referred to aguinaldo as a generalissimo,
not the head of government.

A Nation is Born
The Spanish historical Manuel Satron describe the

revolution as a rebellion of the Tagalogs agaimts

spanish domination he also refers to the Tagalog
rebels. In 1896 revolution was a ational endeavor.
Written and publish in 1896, THE KATIPUNAN
CARTILLA

Tagalog defined all person born in he archipelago,

whether Bisayan,Ilocano, pampango, etc. therefore

the Tagalog nation or Katagalugan consisted not only
of Tagalog speakers but included all those who grew
up in the philippines.

Andress Bonifacio expressed his concept of

nationhood.
Pagibig sa Tinubuang Bayan,
Mabuhay ang Haring Bayang Katagalugan

Cedula- this was the type of tax receipt torn up by

member of the Katipunan Balintawak

Issued to Vicente Mariano of Taal Batangas, on 18

December 1896

First Filipino GOVERNMENT

August 24 1896 katipunan became an open de facto

Government, the society had been organized as a

secret organization with its own laws, bureaucratic
structure and elective leadership.
Bonifacio, when quetioned at Tejeros, Cavite
DEFINDE THE LETTER K IN THE FLAG TO
MEAN KALAYAAN.

FIRST PRESIDENT
March 24 April 1897

- Bonifacio wrote 3 letters and one appoinment

on printed letterheads
- this letters are all addressed to Emilio Jacinto,
proving that Bonifacio was the first president o a
national government.

These letters contained the ff titles and designations:

1. Pangulo ng Kataas-taasang Kapulungan
(President of the Supreme Council)
2. Ang Kataasang Pangulo
( The Supreme President)
3. Pangulo nang Haring Bayang Katagalugan
(President of the Sovereign Nation of Katagalugan)

4. Ang Pagulo ng Haring Bayan May Tayo nang

K.K. Katipunan nang mga Anak ng Bayan,
Unang Galaw nang Paghihimagsik
(The President Sovereign Nation Founder of the
Katipunan, Initiator of the Revolution)
5. Kataastasang Panguluhan, Pamahalaang
Panghihimagsik
(Office of the Supreme President, Government of the
Revolution)

 Jose P. Bantug- referred to Bonifacio as Kataastasang

Pangulo
Jose P. Santos- General No. 1 (1933)
Zaide (1939)
These men came to the same conclusion and recognized the
Bonifacio presidency and misread the ff phrase
a. Ang Haring Bayan-minutes of Tejeros Assemby (March
23, 1897)
b. Jacinto Appointment Paper (April 15, 1897)
c. Katipunan Marahas ng mga Anak ng Bayan(undated)

Before March 22, 1897- the government headed by

B0nifacio was democratic and national in scope.
Bonifacio- establish a government separate from
Aguinaldo
Separated: after Tejeros Assembly
Article on the Philippine revolution appeared.
a.February 8, 1897- issue of the La Ilustracion Espaol y
Americana
b.Accompanied by engraved portrait wearing a black suit
and white tie
c.Caption: Andres Bonifacio, Titulado Presidente de la
Republica Tagala

G.A Reparaz - the reporter referredto Aguinaldo a

generalissimo

The following key officers in the Bonifacio government

according to Reparaz are as follows:
a.Teodoro Plata

- Sec. of War
b.Emilio Jacinto
- Sec. of State
c. Aguedo del Rosario
- Sec. of Interior
d.Bricco Pantas
- Sec. of Justice
e. Enrique Pacheco
- Sec. of Finance

Significance of 1896 Revolution

July 1892 Bonifacio founded the Katipunan
August 1896- Katipunan launched the first anti

colonial revolution in Asia

Andres Bonifacio- formed the first national
government established by Aguinaldo from 1897-1899
Katalagalugan Government
-was democratic in principle, orientation and form.
-adopted the Katipunan red flag with a white sun with the
tagalog Ka.
Julio Nakpil- commissioned to compose the national
anthem of Katagalugan, Marangal na Dalit ng
Katagalugan

Defined:
a.Tagalog- term for all Filipinos
b.Katagalugan- country name in lieu of Filipinas
Katagalugan Government had it follows:
a.It held territory-where it exercised the functions of state
b.It had armed forces-which fought for and defended its

existence
c.It had diplomatic component-which attempted to gain
international recognition for the new nation

August 24, 1896- government certainly had a large massbased following than the August 1897.
The result of the power struggle in Cavite:
a.Emilio Aguinaldo- usurped Pres. Andres Bonifacios
authority.
b.Aguinaldo reorganized Bonifacios Republika ng
Katagalugan
c.He renamed Republika ng Katagalugan to Republica
Filipina

Filipinos should recognized Andres Bonifacio

not only
a.Founder of the Katipunan
b.Leader of revolution of 1896
But as;
a.The first Filipino President
b.Father of the nation
c.Founder of our democracy

Katipunan Code of Conduct

by: Emilio Jacinto
1. The life that not consecrated to a lofty and
reasonable cause is a tree without shade, if not
poisonous weed.
2. To do good for personal gain and not for its own
sake is not a virtue.
3. It is rational to be charitable and love ones fellow
creature and to adjust ones conduct, acts and words to
what in itself reasonable

4. Whether our skin black or white, we are all born equal,

superiority in knowledge wealth and beauty are to be
understood but not superiority in nature.
5. The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain, the
scoundrel gain to honor.
6. To the honorable man his word is sacred.
7. Do not waste thy time: wealth can be recovered but not
time lost

8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before

the law or in the field.
9. The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in
keeping secrets.
10. On the thorny path of life, man Is guide of woman
and the children and if the guide leads to precipice,
those whom he guide will also go there.

11. Thou must bot look upon woman as mere

plaything, but as faithful companion who will share
with thee the penalties of life; her physical weaknesses
will increase with thee interest in her and she will
remind thee of the mother who bore thee and reared
thee.
12. What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife,
children, brothers and sisters that do not unto thy
wife, children, brothers and sister of thy neighbors.

13. Man is not worth more because he is a king,

because his nose is aquiline and his color is white not
because he is a priest, a servant of God, nor because of
high prerogative that enjoy upon earth, but he is worth
most who is a man of proven and real value who does
good keep his words, is worthy and honest; he who
does not oppress nr consent to being oppressed, he
who loves and cherishes his fatherland, though he be
born in the wilderness and know no tongue but his
own.

ANDRES BONIFACIO
Andres Bonifacio
Born in Tondo on November 30, 1863
Parents :
a. Santiago Bonifacio- Father
native Filipino, short and muscular
A boatman who rowed passengers from Taguig Rizal, and
other towns along Pasig river
b. Catalina de Castro- Mother
born of a Spanish Father and Filipino Chinese mother
from Zambales
Supervisor in cigarette factory in meisic (Mainstik) or
China Town, Manila

Andres- is a name given to him after St. Andrew

Apostle a patron Saint of Manila.

He had 3 brothers namely;
a. Ciriaco
b. Procopio
c. Troadio
And 2 sisters namely;
a. Esperidonia
b. Maxima

Andres- learned to read and write alphabet given to him

by his aunt.
Guillermo Osmena-his teacher a school master from
Cebu. They wen to school together.
Andres gave up his studies and work full time when his

father and mother died due to tuberculosis

He worked as a bodeguero(warehouse keeper) in mosaic
tile factory in Sta.Mesa, Manila.
He also worked in Binondo as agent for the English firm
of J.M Fleming and Copany

 He had a beautiful penmanship and made posters

for companies as clothes dealers

He learned to make rattan walking canes and paper
fans from his father and sold on busy streets in
Manila
Acted in a stage with his brother in Moro Moro play
in Tondo
He left the Fleming Company after five years
He worked for the German firm Carlos Fressel and
Company as bodeguero and supply clerk.

 He earned 12 pesos a month

1892 he was promoted to sales agent.
He read foreign novels, French revolution, politics,

law and religion.

He learned that the poor people had rights and
freedom
He began to dream a better life for Filipino people
He was the one of the masons present during the
founding of La Liga Filipina on July 3, 1892 founded
by Dr. Jose Rizal

Timeline:
1892, Jun 3.In Ilaya St, Tondo, Rizal found La Liaga

Filipina to give a people a change foe diredt involvement in

the reform movement.

-ANDRES BONIFACIO (Nov 30, 1863 May 10, 1897) is one of

rizals partners.

1892, Jul 7. the spanish authorities ARREST Rizal for

organizing La Liga Filipina.

1892, Jul 17 .Rizal is exiled to Dapitan, Mindanao.
1994, Jul 8. Andres Bomifacio forms the katipunan.
Reforms can only be obtained by means of a revolution

 1892, Jul 17 .Rizal is exiled to Dapitan, Mindanao.

1984, Jul 8. Andres Bonifacio forms the KATIPUNAN.

ANDRES BONIFACIO COME FROM THE LOWER OR

MIDDLE CLASS
Reforms can only be obtained by means of a revolution
1896, Jul 1.