Human anatomy

SKELETAL SYSTEM

dr. Thontowi Djauhari NS,Mkes

Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah
Malang

SKELETON (Kerangka Tulang)

Axial skeleton :
Skull
Auditory ossicles
Hyoid bone
Vertebral column
Ribs and sternum

22
6
1
26
25
---80
Appendicular skeleton :
Upper extremity
64
Lower extremity
62
---126
Total

206

Axial Skeleton
merupakan tulang axis dari
tubuh :

Contoh : cranium, vertebrae,

sacrum, costae

Appendicular Skeleton
berbungan dengan
penyusun tubuh :

Contoh : extremitas atas

bawah dan pelvis

The Axial & Appendicular Skeleton

Figure 5.6

Slide

Cervical = 7
Thoracic = 12
Lumbar = 5
Sacrum = 5
Coccyx = 1

Structure of a Typical Vertebrae

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TUGAS
Bedakan os cervical 1, 2, 3 dengan :
os thoracal
os lumbal

SCOLIOSIS

Sacrum

Permukaan anterior:
promontorium,
foramen sacral anterior
(empat pasang)

Permukaan posterior
:
crista sacralis media,

foramen sacralis

posterior, canalis hiatus

sacral, crista sacralis
Lateral part:
auricula, tubrositas sacral,
coxae

Cornua
Sacral hiatus
palpation

Transsacral (epidural) anasthesia

Sternum
Manubrium sterni :
jugular notch, clavicular
notch

Body of sternum
Xiphoid process

Sternal angle :
the junction of manubrium
and body, which connects
2nd costal cartilage
laterally

The Bony Thorax

General features
Ribs

1~7 called true

ribs
Ribs 8~10 called
false ribs
Ribs 11~12 called
floating ribs

Atypical rib

First rib:
tuberculum scaleni
anterior, sulcus
subclavia
11th and 12th ribs
lack costal necks,
tubercles and
angles

The Bones of Limbs

Bones of upper limbs

Composition:
Clavicula, scapulae
Bones of free upper
limb
Humerus
Radius and ulna
Carpal, metacarpals
and phalanges in hand

Bones of the Shoulder Girdle

Figure 5.20a, b
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Slide

Bones of the Upper Limb

Humerus

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Bones of the Upper Limb

Ulna
Radius

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Bones of the Upper Limb

The hand
Carpals wrist
Metacarpals
palm
Phalanges
fingers

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Bones of Lower Limb

Composition:
Pelvic girdle:
hip bone
Bones of free lower
limb:
Femur in thigh
( patella)
Tibia and fibula in leg
Tarsals, metatarsals,
phalanges of toes in
foot

The Pelvis

Figure 5.23a

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Slide

Gender Differences of the Pelvis

Figure 5.23c
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Slide 5.39

TUGAS
Apa yang dimaksud dan buat garis
khayal diantara pelvis (misalnya :
conjugata vera, conjugata diagonal
dll)
Bedakan pelvis laki-laki dan
perempuan

Articulations
Os illium
Articulate with
sacrum

Os ischium
Acetabulum
with head of
femur

Simphysis pubis
R and L os
coxae

Bones of the Lower Limbs

Femur

Figure 5.35a, b
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Slide

Fracture of the femoral

neck

Bones of the Lower Limbs

Tibia
Fibula
Patellae

Figure 5.35c
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Slide

Bones of the Lower Limbs

The foot
Tarsal ankle
Metatarsals
sole
Phalanges
toes
Figure 5.25
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Slide 5.41

Bones of the Skull

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The Skull

Figure 5.7
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Slide

parietal bone

Frontal bone

Sphenoid bone

Temporal bone
Zygomatic bone
Nasal bone

Maxilla

Mandible

Occipital bone

The Fetal Skull

Fontanelles
fibrous membranes
connecting the
cranial bones
Allow the brain
to grow
Convert to bone
within 24 months
after birth
Figure 5.13
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Slide

Human Skull, Superior View

Figure 5.8
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Slide 5.23

Human Skull, Inferior View

Figure 5.9
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Slide 5.24

TUGAS
1.Foramen incicivus
2.Foramen paltina mayor
3.Foramen palatine minor
4.Fissura orbitalis posterior
5.Fissura orbitalis inferior
6.Foramen rotundum
7.Foramen oval
8.Foramen spinosum
9.Foremen lacerum
10.Foramen stylomastoideus
11.Foramen jugulare
12.Canalis hipoglosi
13.Foramen magnum
14.Lamina cribosa
15.Canalis opticus

1.n. maxillaris ( V2)

Paranasal Sinuses
Hollow portions of bones surrounding
the nasal cavity

Figure 5.10
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Slide

Paranasal Sinuses
Functions of paranasal sinuses
Lighten the skull
Give resonance and amplification to voice

Figure 5.10
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Slide