Anatomy & Physiology 2

Summer 2004
Chapter 22 Lymphatics and Immunity

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Figure 22.1 The Components of the Lymphatic

System

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Figure 22.1

Figure 22.2 Lymphatic Capillaries

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Figure 22.2a, b

Figure 22.3 Lymphatic Vessels and Valves

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Figure 22.3a, b

Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the

Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System

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Figure 22.4a

Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the

Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System

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Figure 22.4b

Figure 22.6 Lymphoid Nodules

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Figure 22.6

Figure 22.7 The Structure of a Lymph Node

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Figure 22.7

Figure 22.5 The Derivation and Distribution of

Lymphocytes

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Figure 22.5a-c

Lymphatic system and body defenses

Nonspecific defenses

Specific defenses-

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Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses

(Part 1 - Physical Barriers)

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Figure 22.10

Nonspecific Defenses, Phagocytes

Remove cellular debris and respond to invasion

by foreign pathogens
Monocyte-macrophage system - Fixed and free
Microphages Neutrophils and eosinophils
Move by diapedesis
Exhibit chemotaxis

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Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses

(Part 2 - Phagocytes)

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Figure 22.10

Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses

(Part 3 - Immunological Surveillance)

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Figure 22.10

Nonspecific Defenses, Interferons (cytokines)

Small proteins released by virally infected cells
Trigger the production of antiviral proteins
Three major types of interferons are:
Alpha produced by leukocytes and
attract/stimulate NK cells
Beta secreted by fibroblasts causing slow
inflammation
Gamma secreted by T cells and NK cells
stimulate macrophage activity
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Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses

(Part 5 - Complement System)

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Figure 22.10

Figure 22.13 Inflammation

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Figure 22.13

Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses

(Part 7 - Fever)

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Figure 22.10

Figure 22.14 Types of Immunity

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Figure 22.14

Properties of immunity

Specificity activated by and responds to a

specific antigen
Versatility is ready to confront any antigen at
any time
Memory remembers any antigen it has
encountered
Tolerance responds to foreign substances but
ignores normal tissues

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The immune system response

Antigen triggers an immune response

Activates T cells and B cells
T cells are activated after phagocytes exposed
to antigen
T cells attack the antigen and stimulate B cells
Activated B cells mature and produce antibody
Antibody attacks antigen

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Figure 22.15 An Overview of the Immune

Response

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Figure 22.15

Major types of T cells

Cytotoxic T cells (TC) attack foreign cells

Helper T cells (TH) activate other T cells and B
cells
Suppressor T cells (TS) inhibit the activation of
T and B cells

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Figure 22.16 Antigens and MHC Proteins

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Figure 22.16

Figure 22.16 Antigens and MHC Proteins

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Figure 22.16b

Figure 22.17 Antigen Recognition and the

Activation of Cytotoxic T Cells

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Figure 22.17

Figure 22.17 Antigen Recognition and the

Activation of Cytotoxic T Cells

PLAY

Animation: Cytotoxic T Cell Activation

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Figure 22.17

Figure 22.18 Antigen Recognition and Activation

of Helper T cells

PLAY

Animation: Antigen Recognition and Helper T Cell Activation

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Figure 22.18

Figure 22.19 A Summary of the Pathways of T

Cell Activation

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Figure 22.19

Figure 22.20 The Sensitization and Activation of

B Cells

PLAY

Animation: B Cells and Antibody Production

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Figure 22.20

Figure 22.21 Antibody Structure

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Figure 22.21

Figure 22.21 Antibody Structure

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Figure 22.21a

Figure 22.21 Antibody Structure

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Figure 22.21b-d

Actions of antibodies include:

Neutralization
Agglutination and precipitation
Activation of complement
Attraction of phagocytes
Opsinization
Stimulation of inflammation
Prevention of adhesion

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Figure 22.22 The Primary and Secondary

Immune Responses

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Figure 22.22

Figure 22.23 An Integrated Summary of the

Immune Response

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Figure 22.23

Figure 22.25 The Course of the Bodys Response

to Bacterial Infection

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Figure 22.25a, b