Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Internal ear.
The External Ear
Anterior
Air
External Malleus, incus, Fluids in cochlear canals
Tympanic Oval
Pinna acoustic stapes
membrane window Upper and middle Lower
meatus (ossicles)
Pressure
Time
Spiral organ
One Amplitude Amplification
(of Corti)
vibration in middle ear
stimulated
Boney labyrinth and membranous
labyrith
Membranous labyrinth comprises one
vestibule(utricle and saccule) and three
semicircular canals.-concerned with
equilibrium. One Coclea concerned with
hearing
TECTORIAL MEMBRANE STATIONARY
STEROCILIA
HAIR
CELLS
AUDITORY
NERVE
BASILAR MEMBRANE…..VIBRATES
TECTORIAL MEMBRANE STATIONARY
STEROCILIA
BEND
AUDITORY
NERVE HAIR
CELLS
BASILAR MEMBRANE…..VIBRATES
Stapes
Scala Cochlear
vestibuli nerve
Oval Perilymph
window
SUPERIOR
OLIVE
VENTRAL
COCHLEAR
NUCLEUS
VENTRAL
COCHLEAR
COCHLEA NUCLEUS MIDLINE
TEMPORAL
TEMPORAL
CORTEX
CORTEX
MEDIAL MEDIAL
GENICULATE GENICULATE
INFERIOR INFERIOR
COLLICULUS COLLICULUS
SUPERIOR
OLIVE
MIDLINE
Medial
geniculate
body of
thalamus
Primary auditory
cortex in temporal lobe
Inferior colliculus
Lateral lemniscus
Superior olivary
nucleus (pons- Midbrain
medulla junction)
Cochlear nuclei
Vibrations Medulla
Vestibulocochlear
Vibrations nerve
Spiral ganglion
of cochlear nerve
Bipolar cell
Spiral organ
(of Corti)
Conduction deafness:
Transmission of sound waves through middle
ear to oval window impaired.
Impairs all sound frequencies.
Hearing aids.
External Cochlear
acoustic nerve
meatus
Cochlea
Tympanic
membrane
Oval window
(deep to stapes)
Pharyngotympanic
Internal (auditory) tube
(b) jugular vein Round window
Conduction deafness:
Transmission of sound waves through middle
ear to oval window impaired.
Impairs all sound frequencies.
Hearing aids.
Conduction deafness (one Sound louder in diseased Vibrations in air not heard Bone conduction better
ear) ear because masking effect after bone conduction is than normal (conduction
of environmental noise is over. defect excludes masking
absent on diseased side. noise).
Nerve deafness (one ear) Sound louder in normal Vibration heard in air after Bone conduction worse
ear. bone conduction is over, as than normal.
long as nerve deafness is
partial.
Auditory acuity is commonly
measured with an
audiometer. This device
presents the subject with
pure tones of various
frequencies through
earphones. At each frequency,
the threshold intensity is
determined and plotted on a
graph as a percentage of
normal hearing. This provides
an objective measurement of
the degree of deafness and a
picture of the tonal range