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1.
1.Work
WorkStudy
Study
2.
2. Method
Method Study
Study
3.
3.Various
Various Charts
Charts
Work Study
Work Study is a generic term for management
services and system engineering techniques,
used to investigate:
Work Study
(Cont.)
Method Study
Method study is a technique to reduce the work
content mainly by eliminating unnecessary
movements by workers, materials, or equipments.
However, even after that, there could be substantial
unnecessary time taken for the process because of
lack of management control or inaction of worker.
Method Study approaches and tools of
Analyst:
Method
Method Study
Method study is the systematic recording and
critical examination of existing and proposed
ways of doing work, as a means of developing
and applying easier and more effective methods
and reducing costs.
Used to analyze
effort
and
reduction
of
Methodology (Cont.)
Select
Recor
d
Exami
ne
OK
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Develo
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Install
Maintai
Lab # 6: Method
n Study
Pareto Analysis
Fish & Bone Diagrams
Gantt and PERT charts
Method Study
Applications
The need for methods analysis can come
from a number of different sources :
Changes in tools and equipment.
Changes in product design or new products.
Changes in materials or procedures
Other factors (e.g. accidents, quality problems)
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Recording
Techniques
Charts
1. Outline process chart.
2. Flow process chart (man-type, material-type and
equipment-type): This is the use of symbols and
description to chart the sequence of work. The process,
then, show what
is happening at different
stages. The distances and time may be given.
3. Two hands process charts.
4. Multiple activity charts: This technique is used to
solve problems where a number of items are dependent
on each other. The aim is to reduce idle times by using
the optimum number of each item. It depicts the
occupied times-broken down into the number of
different activities and the idle times both for the
original and proposed methods of doing the job.
October 15, 2016
11
Recording
Techniques (Cont.)
Diagrams and models (2-D and/or 3-D)
1.Flow diagrams, which is the use of symbols for
flow process charts, superimposed on drawings
and the "descriptions" are not necessary.
2.String diagrams, which is used for solving
movement problems since it shows congestions
and excessive distances.
3.Cut-out templates (2-D models).
4.3-D models.
Photography
1.Photographs,
2.Films,
3.Video.
October 15, 2016
12
Assembly Chart
It is an analog model of the assembly
process.
Circles with a single link denote basic
components, circles with several links
denote
assembly
operations/subassemblies, and squares
represent inspection operations.
The easiest method to constructing an
assembly chart is to begin with the original
product and to trace the product
disassembly back to its basic components.
October 15, 2016
13
Assembly Chart
(Cont.)
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Assembly Chart
(Cont.)
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Operation Process
Chart
The operation process chart shows the
chronological sequence of all operations,
inspections, time allowances, and materials
used in a manufacturing or business
process, from the arrival of raw material to
the packaging of the finished product.
The chart depicts the entrance of all
components and subassemblies to the
main assembly.
Two symbols are used in constructing the
operation process Chart : an operation
and an inspection.
October 15, 2016
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Operation Process
Chart (Cont.)
Operations charts show the introduction of
raw materials at the top of the chart on a
horizontal line.
Operation
Number
Pieces / Hr
Hours / 1000
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Operations Chart
Steps
Step
by
Step
Procedures
Preparing an Operations Chart:
For
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Operation Process
Chart
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Operation Process
Chart
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Flow Diagrams
A flow diagram is essentially a flow process chart
drawn to:
1. Show the layout of a facility.
2. Show the flow of work through that area
3. Show overcrowding areas, crossing worker paths, total
travel.
4. Identify how layout can be redesigned to reduce travel,
motion, collisions, etc.
5. Store materials near where they are used.
6. Increase efficiency and safety.
Usually, the objective is to look for spatial relationships.
It depicts the probable movement of materials in the
floor plant. The movement is represented by a line in
the plant drawing.
October 15, 2016
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Flow Diagram
(Cont.)
Buyer
75 ft.
You
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Flow Diagram
(Cont.)
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Quantity:
Operations: Pieces per hour
Transportation: How many are moved
at a time
Inspection: How many pieces per hour
if under time standard and/or frequency
of inspection
Delays: How many pieces in a container
Storage: How many pieces per storage
unit
October 15, 2016
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27
28
ASME Standard
Symbols
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Delay
Transportation
Storage
Inspection
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Operation
Occurs when an object is intentionally
changed
in
one
or
more
of
its
characteristics
Usually occurs at a machine or a work
station
Drilling,
Painting,
Data
Entry,
Cutting,
Sorting, etc.
October 15, 2016
31
Transportation
Occurs when an object is moved from one
place to another
except when the movement is part of an
operation or an inspection
Using
elevator,
carrying,
moving
with
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Inspection
Occurs when an object is examined for
identification
or
is
compared
with
gauge
on
boiler,
detect
the
defectives
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Delay
Occurs when the immediate performance
or the next planned action does not take
place
Work In Process inventory waiting to be
processed,
Employee
waiting
for
an
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Storage
Occurs when an object is kept under
control such that its withdrawal requires
authorization
Bulk storage of raw material, finished
products inventory, archived documents
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Combined Symbols
Two symbols may be combined when two
activities are performed concurrently.
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Step
no.
Time
(min)
1
2
3
4
5
0.50
10.0
0.75
3.00
0.75
15
40
40
6
7
8
9
10
1.00
1.00
4.00
5.00
2.00
60
200
11
12
13
14
15
3.00
2.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
4.00
2.00
4.00
1.00
200
60
180
20
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17
18
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Summary
Activity
Operation
Transport
Inspect
Delay
Store
Distance
Number
of steps
Time
(min)
Distance
(ft)
5
9
2
3
23
11
8
8
815
Step description
(ft)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Check out
Walk to pharmacy
Pick up prescription
Leave the building
38
39
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Left-Hand-Right-Hand
Charts
Useful in analyzing the work performed by one
41
Left-Hand-Right-Hand
Charts (Cont.)
Lists the work performed
simultaneously by each hand
42
Symbols
Two symbols are used in this chart:
sketch
of
the
workplace
is
drawn,
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RIGHT HAND
Reach for pen
Grasp pen
Carry pen to
paper
Sign letter
Hold Letter
Return pen to
holder
Release pen in
holder
Move hand back
to letter
October 15, 2016
45
LEFT HAND
RIGHT HAND
Reach for
bolt in bin 1
Grasp bolt
Carry bolt to
work area
Position bolt
Hold Bolt
Carry
assembly to
bin 3
Release
October
15, 2016
Assemble nut
Release nut
Lab # 6: Method Study
46
Man-machine chart
The worker and machine process chart (Manmachine chart) is used to study, analyze, and
improve one workstation at a time.
The chart shows the exact time relationship
between the working cycle of the person and
operating cycle of the machine.
These facts can lead to utilization of both worker
and machine time, and a better balance of the
work cycle.
October 15, 2016
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48
The customer, the clerk, and the coffee grinder (machine) are
involved in this operation. It required 1 minute and 10 seconds for
the customer to purchase a pound of coffee in this particular store.
During this time the customer spent 22 seconds, or 31 percent of the
time, giving the clerk his order, receiving the ground coffee, and
paying the clerk for it. He was idle during the remaining 69 percent
of the time. The clerk worked 49 seconds, or 70 percent of the time,
and was idle 21 seconds, or 30 percent of the time. The coffee
grinder was in operation 21 seconds, or 30 percent of the time, and
October 15, 2016
49
Multiple Activity
Charts
Also known as Gang Process Charts
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Activity Chart
Subject: Semi-Auto Machine
Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
Present
Operator
Machine
Load machine
Being loaded
Run
Idle
Unload
Being Unloaded
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Any Question
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