GIS1011

MEDICINAL PLANTS

Main References

1. Edward. P. Claus; Varro. E. Tyler and Lynn. R. (1970)

Pharmacognosy 6th edition.
2. Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal Plants: Asia and the Pacific
by christophe Wiert, Totowa, NJ :Humana Press Inc.,2007.; Via:
SpringerEbook
3. Muhamad Zakaria and Mustafa Ali Mohd (1994) Traditional
Malay Medicinal Plants, Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd.
4. Christophe wiart (2000) Mecidinal Plants of southeast Asia,
Pelanduk Publications.
5. Malaysian Herbal Monograph (1999) Volume 1, Published by
the Malaysian Monograph committee.

Teaching Schedule
Week

Lecture/Tutorial/Assignment Topic

Introduction of medicinal plants.

History of medicinal plants.

Classification and diversity of medicinal plants.

Preparation of medicinal plants for marketing.

Drug herbs application.

Chemical constituents of medicinal plants.

Tutorial and Test I (20.10.2016)

Chemical constituents of medicinal plants.

Types and parts of plant used as herbal medicine.

10

Medicinal plants in alternative medicine

11

Scientific studies of medicinal plants.

.

12

The importance of medicinal plants as source of scientific studies,

pharmaceutical substances, drug development.

13

Registration of herbal medicine.

14

Tutorial and Test II (15.12.2016)

Exam date: 29. 12. 2016 8. 30 11.30am.

References/Teaching
Materials/Equipment

Medicinal plants are plants which may have medicinal

properties.
"Tumbuhan Ubatan" are plants of medicinal value. The
malay word "Ubat" simply means medicine. Many of these
plants include a large number of Local Malaysian Spices.
Almost all our present medicines come from medicinal plants
and are derived from research on medicinal plants.
Number of species of flowering plants
1. The whole world >250,000 species
2. Tropical countries about 150,000 species
3. South East Asia about 35,000 species
Medicinal plant species
1. Tropical countries 6,000 species
2. Reported in Malaysia used as medicines 1230 species
3. Number of species commonly used in traditional medicine
about 100 150 species

Overview on Malaysian
Traditional Medicine
In Malaysia there are several traditional medicine
practitioners due to the multi racial and culture
nature of its people
The Malays traditional medicine
The Chinese traditional medicine
The Ayurveda traditional medicine
The aborigines traditional medicine
The Homeopathic medicines and etc
All these practices somehow have integrated into
Malaysian traditional medicine and practice by
all.

Common llnesses Basic Symptoms

that can be treated with herbal
medicines
Nausea
Cough
Itching
Fever
Dizziness
Wheezing
Could be attributed to probably : Upset
stomach, worms, diarrhea, early
pregnancy, cough, colds, wounds, skin
irritation, high blood pressure, asthma,
bronchitis, fever

Temu Kunci
Scientific name : Boesenbergia
pandurata Roxb.
Local name : Temu kunci

Indication Plant
Part

Effect

Cough
root expectorant
Malnutrition root increase appetite
Worms
root & expel worms
leaves
Upset stomach root & clear flatulence
leaves
Urinationroot & diuretic
leaves
Skin irritation root & stop itching
leaves
Ringworm
root & kills fungus
leaves

Lengkuas
Scientific name : Languas
galanga L.
Local name : Lengkuas

Indication Plant
Part
Upset stomach

Effect

rhizome
aids digestion
anti-toxic
blood clenser

White skin
fungus

rhizome

kills fungus
Tinea versicolor

Ringworm

rhizome

kills fungus

Temu Lawak
Scientific name : Curcuma
xanthorrhiza Roxb.
Local name : Temu lawak
Indication Plant
Part

Effect

Fever
rhizome reduces fever
Breast feeding
rhizome induce milk flows
Gall bladder rhizome dissolve stones
Diarrhoea

rhizome anti-bacterial

Wounds

rhizome antiseptic

Kunyit
Scientific name : Curcuma domestica
Val.
Local name : Kunyit
Indication Plant
Part

Effect

Breast feeding
rhizome Increase milk flow
Wound
rhizome Blood cleanser
Antiseptic
stops bleeding
Upset stomach rhizome Clears flatulence
increase appetite
Boils

rhizome Drawing agent

Childbirth

rhizome Eases delivery

Bonglai
Scientific name : Zingiber purpureum
Roxb.
Local name : Bonglai
Indication Plant
Part

Effect

Asthma
rhizome expectorant
Rheumatic fever rhizome reduce fever
and infection
General Tonic

leaves

increase appetite

Upset stomach leaves blood cleanser

clear flatulence

Temu Giring
Scientific name : Curcuma heyneana
Val. & V.Zijp.
Local name : Temu giring
Indication Plant
Part

Effect

Upset Stomach rhizome Blood cleanser

Worms
rhizome Expel worms
Wounds

rhizome antiseptic

Halia
Scientific name : Zingiber officinale
Rosc.
Local name : Halia
Indication Plant
Part
Cough
Fever

Effect

rhizome expectorant
rhizome reduce fever

General Tonic

leaves

increase appetite

Upset stomach leaves control nausea

clear flatulence
strengthen digestive
Rheumatism rhizome anti-toxic
reduce pain (ext.used)

system

Lempoyang wangi
Scientific name : Zingiber
aromaticum Val.
Local name : Lompoyng wangi
Indication Plant
Part

Effect

Anaemia
rhizome increase appetite
Upset stomach leaves blood cleanser

Daun Sirih
Scientific name : Piper betel
L.
Local
name
sirih
Indication
Plant : Daun
Effect
Part
Fever
leaves reduce fever
Eye infections
leaves anti-bacterial
anti-septic
Mouth ulcers leaves antiseptic
Coughs

leaves

Skin irritations
Wounds

expectorant

leaves

leaves

antiseptic

antiseptic

Breast feeding
leaves
(compress)

reduce milk flow

Buah Pinang
Scientific name : Areca catechu L.
Local name : Pokok Pinang
Indication Plant
Part

Effect

Diarrhoea
nut control diarrhoea
Constipation skin of nut laxative
Menstruation nut induces menstruation
Coughs

nut expectorant

Skin irritations
Wounds

leaves

leaves

antiseptic

antiseptic

nut
Worms

nut kills worms

Pokok Misai Kucing

Scientific name :
Orthosiphon stamineus
Benth
Local name : Pokok Misai
Kucing
Indication Plant
Part

Effect

Urinationleaves control diuretic

Kidneys
leaves dissolves kidney stones

Pokok Sembung
Scientific name : Blumea
balsamifer
Local
name
Sembung
Indication
Plant : Pokok
Effect
Part
Fever
leaves reduce fever
High Blood leaves lower blood pressure
Pressure
Coughs
leaves expectorant
Bronchitis
all parts expectorant
Upset stomach leaves clears flatulence
increase appetite
stop cramps
strengthen stomach
Diabetes
leaves helps to control diabetes

Turmeric

OH

H3CO

OCH3

HO

OH

Cucumin

Garlic

H2 N

S
COOH

Alliin

Ginger

OH

HO
OCH3

Gingerol

HO
OCH3

Shagaol

Chemical constituents of Raflesia

cantleyi
(Bunga Pak-ma)
O

HO

CH2OH

HO

CH2OH

O
O

O
O

HO

HO
OH

OH

OH
O

OH
O

OH

HO
HO
HO
HO

OH
H2O

OH

HO

OH
OH

Rafflesin B

Rafflesin A

OH
O

COOH

HO

OH
OH

Gallic Acid

OH

HO

OH

Ellergic Acid

Catharanthus roseus, kemunting cina

Vinca rosea
Indole alkaloid vinblastine, vincristine
- anticancer properties
Treatment of diabetes, hypertension

Misai Kucing Plus

An effective and natural solution to arthritic aches and pains!
Misai Kucing Plus helps relieve joint stiffness and inflammation, enhance
the removal of acids and wastes and assist in the treatment of arthritis, gout
and rheumatism.
It contains the potent extracts of;
1. Orthosiphon aristatus
2. Centella asiatica
3. Zingiber officinale
4. Curcuma longa

Recommended Uses:
Arthritis & rheumatism, joint aches and pains and gout. Also suitable for inflammed sports
injuries.
Recommended Dosage: 2 capsules twice daily with meals. Available in a 60 capsule bottle.
Precautions:
None, all the herbs are very safe for daily use. As Ginger extract has a mild pungency, best
taken with or after meals.

Pegaga Plus
Amazing herbal formula that detoxifies the skin
from within and accelerates skin health and
youthfullness
Pegaga Plus contains a proprietary blend of standardized extracts found
to enhance skin cleansing and the elimination of impurities, accelerate
skin healing, reduce inflammation and improve venous circulation.
It contains the following herbal extracts :
1. Centella asiatica
2. Smilax myositiflora
3. Andrographis paniculata
4. Orthosiphon aristatus

Recommended Uses:
Acne, poor skin health, poor skin tone, premature ageing,boils, eczema, psoriasis, slow
healing wounds, poor venous circulation, varicose veins.
Recommended Dosage: 2 capsules twice daily. Available in a 60 capsule bottle.

Hempedu Bumi Plus

Nature's most powerful liver protection, proven in its ability to to reduce the harmful effects of dietary
toxins, alcohol, fats and environmental pollution & fight intestinal infections.
Hempedu Bumi Plus contains the high potency extracts of:
1. Andrographis paniculata
2. Phyllanthus niruri
3. Curcuma longa

Recommended Uses:
To improve liver function, protect against dietary toxins and excess
alcohol consumption. Also to prevent sore throats, colds and flu,
Recommended Dosage: 1-2 capsules with meals. Each bottle contains 60
capsules.
Precautions: None known at the recommended dosage.

Senduduk Plus is a combination of the most well

researched herbs and standardized extracts from
Malaysian rainforest herbs found to improve
libido, relieve PMS symptoms, menstrual cramps
and irregularities, restore and tonify the uterus,
accelerate healing following childbirth, and
reduce white discharge.
The herbs are; Melastoma malabathricum,
Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale and Labisia
pothoina.
Recommended Uses:
To reduce the symptoms of PMS such as cramping, improve energy, white discharge
and to strengthen the pelvic tone.
Recommended Dosage: 1-2 capsules twice daily with meals. Available in a 60 capsule
bottle.
Precautions: Not recommended during pregnancy.