PROBABILITY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of 30 minutes, the student should be able to:

1
2
3

solve different types of probability (independent events, dependent

events, mutually exclusive events and non-mutually exclusive events);

demonstrate the use of probability; and

value probability as a tool in good decision-making.

TOSSING A COIN ACTIVITY

WHAT IS PROBABILITY?
Study of Laws of chance.
Measure of a chance of something to happened.

TOSSING A COIN
When
the coin is tossed, there are possible outcomes:

HEAD

TAIL

So the PROBABILITY of getting a HEAD or a TAIL on a SINGLE TOSSED

is equal to .

ROLLING A DIE ACTIVITY

ROLLING A DIE
a single DIE is thrown, there are six possible outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4,
When

5, 6.

The probability of getting any number is .

SPINNING A WHEEL ACTIVITY

SPINNING A WHEEL
the wheel is spinned, the possible outcomes are:
When

purple
orange
green
blue

The Probability of getting GREEN color is .

PROBABILITY OF INDEPENDENT EVENTS.

INDEPENDENT EVENT means each event is not affected by any other
events.
The probabilty of tossing a coin ONCE, and tossing it again for the
SECOND time will NOT affect its probability.
The probabilty of rolling a die ONCE, and rolling it again for the
SECOND time will NOT affect its probability.
Thats because the events are independent!!

DRAWING A LEGO BLOCKS ACTIVITY

DRAWING A BALL
Drawing

a ball randomly from a box with

7 RED balls and 5 BLUE balls, the possible
outcomes are:
RED
BLUE
The probability of getting a RED ball is
The probability of getting a BLUE ball is .
The probability of drawing 2 RED balls is

PROBABILITY OF DEPENDENT EVENTS.

DEPENDENT EVENT means the events can be affected by previous
events.
The drawing of two successive balls from the box.
The drawing of two successive cards from the deck
Are expamples of events that affect the probability of the next
draw, thus we call this as DEPENDENT EVENTS.

DRAWING A CARD ACTIVITY

DRAWING A CARD
a KING from a deck of 52-cards, there are for 4 possible outcomes:
Drawing

The King of Spades

The King of Diamonds
The King of Hearts
The king of Clubs

The Probability of drawing a KING from a deck of 52 cards is .

The probability of drawing a KING or an ACE is

PROBABILITY OF MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

When

two events (call them "A" and "B") are Mutually Exclusive it is
impossible for them to happen together:

But the probability of A or B is the sum of the individual

probabilities:

Mutually Exclusive Events versus

Non-mutually Exclusive Events

The
probability of drawing a HEART or a KING is

Explanation

Explanation

Summary
PROBABILITY is usually expressed as a ratio of the number of likely
outcomes compared with the total number of outcomes possible.

INDEPENDENT EVENT means each event is not affected by any other

events.

DEPENDENT EVENT, meaning the events can be affected by previous

events.

Summary
MUTUALLY

EXCLUSIVE EVENTS means we cant get both events at

the same time.

NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS there is a common event to

the events of A orB.

ASSESSMENT

ASSIGNMENT Probability in Advertising

Ask students to look at newspapers and magazines for examples of how
numbers are used in advertisements.
Here are some examples:
4 out of 5 dentists recommend that you use Colgate toothpaste.
2 out of 3 doctors surveyed suggest the use Tylenol to their patients.
9 out of 10 students said that MATH is their favorite subject.

END OF LECTURE