Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Chapter 3
Managing in a
Changing Global
Environment
Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall
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What is the
Organizational
Environment?
Environment: the set of forces
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Sources of Uncertainty in
the Organizational
All environmental forces cause
Environment
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Sources of Uncertainty in
the Environment (cont.)
Environmental complexity:
the strength, number, and
interconnectedness of the
specific and general forces that
an organization has to manage
Interconnectedness: increases
complexity
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Sources of Uncertainty in
the Environment (cont.)
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Sources of Uncertainty in
the Environment (cont.)
Environmental richness: the
amount of resources available to
support an organizations domain
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Resource Dependence
Theory
The goal of an organization is to
minimize its dependence on other
organizations for the supply of
scare resources and to find ways
of influencing them to make
resources available
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Resource Dependence
Theory (cont.)
An organization has to manage
two aspects of its resource
dependence:
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Interorganizational Strategies
for Managing Resource
Symbiotic interdependencies:
interdependencies that exist between an
organization and its suppliers and distributors
Competitive interdependencies:
interdependencies that exist among
organizations that compete for scarce inputs
and outputs
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Strategic alliances:(cont.)
an agreement
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Types of Strategic
Alliances
Long-term contracts
Networks: a cluster of different
organizations whose actions are
coordinated by contracts and
agreements rather than through a
formal hierarchy of authority
Minority ownership
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Types of Strategic
Alliances (cont.)
Joint venture: a strategic
alliance among two or more
organizations that agree to
jointly establish and share the
ownership of a new business
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Sources of Transaction
Costs
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Cooperation vs.
opportunism: The prisoners
dilemmaPrisoner B Stays Silent Prisoner B Betrays
Prisoner A Betrays
Prisoner A: 10 years
Prisoner B: goes free
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Keiretsu
Japanese system for achieving the
benefits of formal linkages
without incurring its costs
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Franchising
A franchise is a business that is
authorized to sell a companys
products in a certain area
The franchiser sells the right to
use its resources (name or
operating system) in return for a
flat fee or share of profits
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Outsourcing
Moving a value creation that was
performed inside the organization to
outside companies
Decision is prompted by the weighing
the bureaucratic costs of doing the
activity against the benefits
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