Blood

Basics
The need is constant.
The gratification is instant.
Give blood.
TM

HISTORY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

Over 5000 years ago, in ancient Egypt..............

If a doctor puts a finger on the neck, head, hands,
arms, feet or body, the doctor will find the heart there;
for the heart reaches out to every part of the body and
speaks in the blood vessels of every part.

HISTORY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

WE CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY

DR JEAN - BAPTISTE DENYS

RICHARD LOWER
GEORGE WASHINGTON CRILE

HISTORY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

HISTORY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

HISTORY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

TWENTYTH CENTURY
In1901,KARL

LANDSTEINERdiscovered human blood

groups. His discovery limited to a,b, o groups. Alfred von

DecastelloandAdriano Sturlidiscovered
the

..................................fourth type, AB, in 1902.

HISTORY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

TWENTYTH CENTURY
Mixing blood from two incompatible individuals can lead to
thedestruction of red blood cellsreleases
freehemoglobininto the bloodstream, which can have fatal
consequences.

HISTORY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

TWENTYTH CENTURY

For this discovery he was awarded the

NOBEL PRIZE in

Physiology and Medicine in 1930.

SINCE THEN many other blood groupshave been discovered.

HISTORY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

TWENTYTH CENTURY
in 1939-40Karl

Landsteiner, Alexander Wiener, Philip

Levine, and R.E. Stetson discovered the

Rhesus blood group system.

HISTORY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

TWENTYTH CENTURY
in 1939-40Karl

Landsteiner, Alexander Wiener, Philip

Levine, and R.E. Stetson discovered the

Rhesus blood group system.

FREQUENCY OF BLOOD TYPES

O+ 1 person in 3

O- 1 person in 15

A+ 1 person in 3

A- 1 person in 16

B+ 1 person in 12

B- 1 person in 67

AB+ 1 person in 29

AB- 1 person in 167

Blood. What is it?

Blood is made up of minute elements called cells suspended in a pale
yellow fluid known as plasma. Blood is the primary means of transport in
the body that is responsible for transporting important nutrients, oxygen,
carbon dioxide metabolic waste from up and down the body, delivering
the nutrients and glucose transportation of hormones etc..

Blood. What is it?

There are four main components of
blood.
Plasma (55%)
Red Blood cell (44%)
White Blood cell
Plateletes

Blood. What is it?

Plasma
Liquid portion of blood that carries
platelets, red cells and proteins
throughout the body

Red Blood Cells

Contain hemoglobin and carry
oxygen throughout the body

Blood. What is it?

White Blood Cells
Help fight infection

Platelets
Help prevent massive blood loss
by helping blood to clot, maintain viscosity of
blood.

Blood. What is it?

Blood Types
There are eight common blood types that include: A-, A+, B-, B+, O-, O+, AB- and AB+.

DEVELOPMENT OF BLOOD
BANKING
In

the

1910s

it

was

discovered

that

by

Adding

anticoagulantandrefrigeratingthe blood it was possible to store

it for some days, thus opening the way forblood banks.

DEVELOPMENT OF BLOOD
BANKING

Thanks To World War

Blood Donation and Eligibility

Whole Blood Donation

A unit of whole blood is collected

from a donor.

After donation, the whole blood

unit is separated into components.

Blood Donation and Eligibility

Whole Blood Donation
The entire process need maximum half an hour only.
Donors can donate every 90 days, up to 4 times per year.
Red blood cells have a shelf life of 42 days.

Blood Donation and Eligibility

Whole Blood Donation

To be eligible to donate whole blood someone must:

Be 18 years old.
Weigh at least 45 KG
Pulse : 60 to 100 beats per minute and regular
Blood Pressure : Systolic 100 to 180 mm of mercury; Diastolic 50 to 100 mm of mercury
Hb 12.5 gm/100 ml of blood
Oral temperature : Not exceeding 37.5C.

Blood Donation and Eligibility

Apheresis Platelet Donation
Platelet donation is an automated
process where blood is drawn from a
donors arm into a special machine.
This machine separates the platelets
and some plasma and returns the
remaining blood
components to the donor.

Blood Donation and Eligibility

Apheresis Platelet Donation
The entire platelet donation process need about 1.5 hours and 2 hours rest.
Donors can give up to 24 times a year.
Platelets have a shelf life of 5 days.

Blood Donation and Eligibility

Double Red Cell Donation

An automated process where the

red blood cells are separated by a
machine and collected while the
remaining blood components are
returned to the donor.

Blood Donation and Eligibility

Double Red Cell Donation
The entire double red cell donation process needs about 1 hour and 25
minutes.
Donors can give every 112 days up to 3 times per year.
Red blood cells have a shelf life of 42 days.

BLOOD SAFETY
The blood supply is safer today than it has ever been.

Because blood is a prescription drug, it is regulated carefully by the

Food and Drug Administration.

About 12 tests are performed on every blood donation.

27

Blood Donation: How much you can???

A normal person possess 3.5 litre to 5 litre blood in his/her body
It measures to 76ml for men and 66ml for women per Kg of body weight
50ml per Kg of body weight required for normal life process
Out of the excess blood only 8ml per Kg is donated at a time, remaining
no risk to donor.

28

Blood Donation: How much you can???

The amount of blood content in any human body can be easily derived
from the empirical mathematical equations:

V (Men) = 0. 3669H^3+0. 03219W+0. 604l

V(Women) = 0. 3561H^3+ 03308W+0. 1833

Where, V is volume of blood in litre, H is height in metre and W is

body weight in kilogram.

Blood Donation: It Makes A Difference

What happens to blood after donation?

Blood Donation: It Makes A Difference

31

Blood Donation: Statistics

108 million donations per year- worldwide
1 among 3 persons need blood during their life time
2 seconds: 1 person is in search of blood
1 among 10 in-patients need blood

32

Blood Donation: Statistics

Population-wise the men: women ratio is almost 50:50.
Blood donor-wise though the same would be about 95 : 05 in the country.
Consumption of blood the ratio is again somewhat like 40 : 60.
This would logically lead to the conclusion that in case of blood
transfusion, women of our country are dependent on the men-folk.

33

Blood Donation: Statistics

4% among eligible donors donate blood
75% among donors donate annualy
75% among donors are below 25 years old
34% of blood donation are for cancer patients

Available blood sources are less than needed

34

AWARENESS AND EDUCATION

MOTIVATION
RECRUITMENT
BLOOD DONATION
DONOR RETENTION

35

THE REASONS FOR NOT DONATING BLOOD

ARE:
Fear of the needle
Fear of pain
Fear of sight of blood
Fear of future weakness
Fear of possible ill effects
Objection from the elders
Apathy
Indifference
Social taboo
Medical excuses

36

Story of wastage of collected blood

Ignorance and illiteracy
Blood is sold at a high premium
Inconvenience due to location and timing of blood collection
Apprehension of post donation reaction
Has never been asked personally.

37

REASONS FOR DONATING BLOOD ARE:

Altruism
Service to the community
Sense of social duty
Gaining experience
Personal obligation
Personal appeal
Social pressure
Group pressure
For helping friends or relatives
For blood donor credit card

38

For recognition and awards

Checking up health
Reciprocity to pay back the social debt
For- knowing blood group
Seeing others donating blood
Celebrities appealing to donate blood.

39

SOME MYTHS RELATED TO BLOOD DONATION IN

INDIA
Blood donation Causes weakness or fatigue.
Donating blood disturbs the balance of the body.
It may Cause weight gain.
Fear of transmission of foreign genes.
Fear of the possibility of discovering some disease.
Fear that one who gives blood will not be able to have children.
Belief that one will become a blood relative of the spouse.

40

INDIVIDUALS WHOSE RISK FACTORS REQUIRE

EXCLUSION FROM DONATION:
Homosexuals
Prostitutes
People having multiple Sex partners
Intravenous drug abusers (particularly multiple-use of needles)
People with haemophilia or thalassaemia
Sexual partners of any of the above.

National Voluntary Blood Donation Day

National Voluntary Blood Donation Day is getting celebrated in India
at 1st of October every year to share the need and importance of the
blood in the life of an individual.
It was first started celebrating on 1st of October in the year 1975
through the Indian Society of Blood Transfusion and
Immunohaematology.

World Blood Donor Day

World Blood Donor Day is celebrated every year by the people in
many countries around the world on the day of birthday anniversary
ofKarl Landsteiner on 14 June in 1868.
World Blood Donor Day celebration brings a precious opportunity to
all donors for celebrating it on national and global level as well as to
commemorate the birthday anniversary of the Karl Landsteiner.

WE ARE SOOOOOO SPECIAL!!!!!!!!!

BOMBAY BLOOD GROUP
RH NULL GROUP

How to Increase Hemoglobin Level

14 to 18 g/dl for adult men, and
12 to 16 g/dl for adult women.
1. Eat Iron Rich Foods (liver, red meat, shrimp, tofu, spinach, almonds, dates,
lentils, fortified breakfast cereals, almonds, oysters and asparagus)
2. Increase Vitamin C intake (papaya, oranges, lemon, strawberries, bell
peppers, broccoli, grapefruit, tomatoes and spinach)
3. Take Folic Acid ( green leafy vegetables, liver, rice, sprouts, dried beans,
wheat germ, fortified cereals, peanuts, bananas, broccoli and liver)
4. Beetroots, Apples, Black Strap Molasses Etc...

How to Increase Hemoglobin

Level

Pomegranate (High Iron Content)

Milk (Calcium Rich)
Folate Rich Food (asparagus, orange juice, spinach and fortified cereals)
Lean Proteins (asparagus, orange juice, spinach and fortified cereals)
Papaya, Cod Liver Oil, Flax Seed Oil
Vitamin A Rich Foods (carrot, pumpkin, kale and sweet potatoes)

JAMES HARRISON (BLOOD DONOR)

James Harrison, also known as the Man with the golden

arm, is a blood plasma donor from Australia whose unusual plasma composition has
been used to make a treatment for Rhesus disease. He has made over 1000 donations
throughout his lifetime, and these donations are estimated to have saved over two million
unborn babies from the condition.

JAMES HARRISON (BLOOD DONOR)

Mr. Harrison started donating in 1954 and after the first few donations it was discovered
that his blood contained an unusually strong and persistent antibody called Rh o(D) Immune
Globulin. Rho(D) IG is given to Rh(D) negative mothers of unknown or Rh(D) positive
babies during and after pregnancy to prevent the creation of antibodies to the blood of a
Rh(D) positive child.
-causes Rhesus

disease (HDN)

JAMES HARRISON (BLOOD DONOR)

1000 DONATIONS
As blood plasma, in contrast to blood, can be donated as often as every 23 weeks,
he was able to reach his 1000th donation in May 2011. This results in an average of
one donation every three weeks during 57 years. Commenting his then record
number:

I could say it's the only record that I hope is broken, because if
they do, they have donated a thousand donations.
James Harrison

In the course of seventy five years, blood banking has developed from a
bench in a corner of clinical pathology into a speciality of Transfusion
Medicine. Replacement of ancient glass-bottles by modern poly-bags,
introduction

of

gamma

ray-sterilised

disposable

transfusion

sets,

extended shelf life of blood, use of blood components and plasma

products, technology of pheresis and modern laboratory technologies
have changed the quality of blood banking and blood transfusion service.
But one thing that has not changed since the dawn of first blood
transfusion of modern era, is the need of human volunteers to donate
blood.

Why Voluntary blood donation?????

Bcz........

In the course of seventy five years, blood banking has developed from a
bench in a corner of clinical pathology into a speciality of Transfusion
Medicine. Replacement of ancient glass-bottles by modern poly-bags,
introduction

of

gamma

ray-sterilised

disposable

transfusion

sets,

extended shelf life of blood, use of blood components and plasma

products, technology of pheresis and modern laboratory technologies
have changed the quality of blood banking and blood transfusion service.
But one thing that has not changed since the dawn of first blood
transfusion of modern era, is the need of human volunteers to donate
blood.

Quotes

.
.

Dont wait for a call. Donate blood every 3

months, keep the blood banks full. Try to be a
part of the NATIONAL BLOOD POLICY to
fulfill the dream of VISION 2020 - 100%

VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION