 INTRODUCTION

 SIX SIGMA
 GOALS & BENEFITS
 PROCESS
 SIG SIGMA CURVE
 SIX SIGMA MAGNITUDE
 DMPO
 Z-SCORE
 DMAIC & DMAVCCYCLE
 HURDLES IN IMLEMENTATION OF SIX SIGMA
 SIX SIGMA TOOLS
 SIX SIGMA ORGANIZATION
 FACTS
 MUMBAI DABBAWALA’S VIDEO
 The term six sigma was coined by Motorola.

 In 1987, Motorola officially launched six sigma.

 Challenges faced by business today ?

 Just do it approach ?

 Is six sigma a fad ?

 It stands for standard deviation
 It is a measure of variance (variation) or spread of
data about the mean or average of a process.
 Sigma statistically measures capability of a process.
 Sigma indicates how often defects are likely to
occur.
 Higher the sigma, less likely the defects will occur.
 The higher the sigma that can be fitted between
process tolerance, better the process.
 It is a comprehensive and flexible system for
achieving, sustaining and maximizing business
success. Six sigma is uniquely driven by close
understanding of customer needs, disciplined use of
facts , data, and statistical analysis and diligent
attention to managing, improving and reinventing
business process.
 Generates sustained success.
 Set a performance goal for everyone
 Enhances value to customer.
 Accelerates rate of improvement.
 Promotes learning and cross-pollination.
 Executes strategic changes.
• 2 sigma process capability means 308,538 DPMO
(defects per million opportunities)
• 3 sigma process capability means 66,807 DPMO

• 4 sigma process capability means 6,210 DPMO

• 5 sigma process capability means 233 DPMO

• 6 sigma process capability means 3.4 DPMO

In this formula, Z is the Z score, or Sigma score.
A low Z score means that a significant portion of the
tail of the distribution is extending past the
specification limit.
 A high Z score means that not much of the
distribution is extending past the specification limit
 DMAIC is used for projects aimed at
improving an existing business
process.

 DMADV is used for projects aimed at

creating new product or process
designs
 Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and
Control (DMAIC) .
 Developed by General Electric as a means of
focusing effort on quality using a
methodological approach.
 Overall focus of the methodology is to
understand and achieve what the customer
wants.
 A 6-sigma program seeks to reduce the
variation in the processes that lead to
these defects
 DMAIC consists of five steps….
1. Define (D) Customers and their priorities

2. Measure (M) Process and its performance

3. Analyze (A) Causes of defects

4. Improve (I) Remove causes of defects

5. Control (C) Maintain quality

 DMAIC
 The DMAIC project methodology
has five phases:
1)Define the problem, the voice
of the customer, and the project
goals, specifically.

2)Measure key aspects of the

current process and collect
relevant data.
 3)Analyze
The data to investigate and verify
cause-and-effect relationships.

 Determine what the relationships

are, and attempt to ensure that
all factors have been considered.

 Seek out root cause of the defect

under investigation.
 4)Improve
Optimize the current process
based upon data analysis using
techniques such as design of
experiments and poka yoke,or
mistake proofing, and standard
work to create a new, future state
process.
 Set up pilot runs to establish
process capability.
 5) Control
The future state process to
ensure that any deviations from
target are corrected before they
result in defects.
 Control systems are
implemented such as statistical
process control, production
boards, and visual workplaces
and the process is continuously
monitored.
 DMADV
The DMADV project methodology, also
known as DFSS ("Design For Six Sigma"),
features five phases:

1)Define design goals that are

consistent with customer demands and
the enterprise strategy.

2)Measure and identify CTQs

(characteristics that are Critical To
Quality), product capabilities,
production process capability, and risks.
3)Analyze
To develop and design alternatives,
create a high-level design and
evaluate design capability to select
the best design.

4)Design
Details, optimize the design, and plan
for design verification. This phase
may require simulations.
5)Verify
The design, set up pilot
runs, implement the
production process and hand
it over to the process
owner(s).
 Attitude
 Knowledge
 Application
 Technology sophistication
 Retrenchment
Material No,
Received Inspect Continue
from Material for Defects…
Supplier Defects found?

Yes

Can be used to
find quality Return to
problems Supplier
for Credit
Possible causes:
The results
or effect
Machine Man

Environment Effect

Method Material

Can be used to systematically track backwards to find a

possible cause of a quality problem (or effect)
 Six-sigma is implemented in organization in 2
ways…..
 One way is through a separate organization that
provides Six Sigma services to the main business …
 But it gives rise to "we versus them" mentality….
 Hence undermines the effectiveness of the Six Sigma
initiatives….
 To avoid this tension, other companies take a more
integrated approach….
 Six Sigma is incorporated into every employee's job,
with a few highly trained experts acting as
facilitators…..
 It helps create a culture in which a commitment to
quality and excellence is pervasive….
CHAMPIONS AND
SPONSORS

MASTER BLACK
BELTS
BLACK
BELTS

GREEN
BELTS

TEAM
MEMBERS
 Senior management personnel- v.p, presidents,
directors….
 Lay down policies regarding six sigma..
 Approves six-sigma project…
 Monitors the process…
 Make available necessary resources…
 Sort out conflicts…
 Second level of hierarchy…
 Lead the six sigma team…
 Provides statistical training to the employees…
 Assist black belts in handling difficult situations…
 Third level of hierarchy…
 Technically strong and good at statistics…
 Art of getting work done…
 Guide in application of techniques…
 Lead team in improving key processes…
 Key process- that influence customer satisfaction…
 Fourth level of hierarchy…
 They are project leaders…
 They are good at project management, quality control
tools, problem solving etc…
TEAM MEMBERS:
 are staff members, administrators, operations
personnel and anyone else who might play a role.
THANK-YOU
 PRESENTED BY:-

 Priyanka Saxena
 Revatee .D
 Soumya Saxena
 Chetna Sharma
 Amar Changulani.
