Energy Levels

A
Creative Chemistry
PowerPoint Presentation
By Nigel Saunders
Copyright 2003 Nigel Saunders, all rights reserved
Permission is granted for personal and educational use only.
Commercial copying, hiring, lending is prohibited.

Energy Levels
Exothermic reactions
Energy is given out
The products have
less energy than the
reactants
Combustion and neutralisation are exothermic

Energy Level Diagrams

Exothermic reactions
energy

Energy Level Diagrams

Exothermic reactions
energy

course of reaction

Energy Level Diagrams

Exothermic reactions
energy

reactants

course of reaction

Energy Level Diagrams

Exothermic reactions
energy

reactants

products

course of reaction

Energy Level Diagrams

Exothermic reactions
energy

reactants

energy given out

H is negative

products

course of reaction

Energy Level Diagrams

Endothermic reactions
Energy is taken in
The products have
more energy than
the reactants
The energy is taken in from the surroundings

Energy Level Diagrams

Endothermic reactions
energy

Energy Level Diagrams

Endothermic reactions
energy

course of reaction

Energy Level Diagrams

Endothermic reactions
energy

reactants

course of reaction

Energy Level Diagrams

Endothermic reactions
energy

products

reactants

course of reaction

Energy Level Diagrams

Endothermic reactions
energy

products

reactants

energy taken in
H is positive

course of reaction

Summary Table
Exothermic
reactions

Endothermic
reactions

Summary Table
Exothermic
reactions

Energy is given out to

the surroundings

Endothermic
reactions

Energy is taken in from

the surroundings

Summary Table
Exothermic
reactions

Endothermic
reactions

Energy is given out to

the surroundings

Energy is taken in from

the surroundings

H is negative

H is positive

Summary Table
Exothermic
reactions

Endothermic
reactions

Energy is given out to

the surroundings

Energy is taken in from

the surroundings

H is negative

H is positive

Products have less

energy than reactants

Products have more

energy than reactants

H
How much energy is given out or taken in?
Energy is needed to break chemical bonds
Energy is given out when bonds are made
H is the difference between the energy
needed to break the bonds in the reactants,
and the energy given out when new bonds are
made in the products

Bond energies
The energy needed to break a chemical bond
Different chemical bonds have different
bond energies
Chemical bond

Bond energy, kJ/mole

HH

436

O=O

498

OH

464

Working out H
Draw an energy level diagram with all the
reactants and products on it
energy

2H2 + O2

2H2O

course of reaction

Working out H
Show all the bonds in the reactants
energy

HH
+ O=O
HH

2H2O

course of reaction

Working out H
Show all the bonds in the products
energy

HH
+ O=O
HH
H
H

O
O

course of reaction

H
H

Working out H
Show the bond energies for all the bonds
energy

436
436

+ O=O
H
H

O
O

course of reaction

H
H

Working out H
Show the bond energies for all the bonds
energy

436
436

+ 498
H
H

O
O

course of reaction

H
H

Working out H
Show the bond energies for all the bonds
energy

436
436

+ 498
464 + 464
H

course of reaction

Working out H
Show the bond energies for all the bonds
energy

436
436

+ 498
464 + 464
464 + 464

course of reaction

Working out H
Add the reactants bond energies together
energy

1370

464 + 464
464 + 464

course of reaction

Working out H
Add the products bond energies together
energy

1370

1856

course of reaction

Working out H
H = energy in energy out
energy

1370

1856

1370

1856

course of reaction

Working out H
H = energy in energy out
energy

1370

1856
-486

1370

1856

course of reaction

Working out H
H = energy in energy out
energy

1370

H = -486

1856

course of reaction

Working out H
Summary
The energy values have units of kJ/mole
In the exam, you will be given the energy
values and all the bonds to make or break
Energy goes in to break bonds
Energy goes out when bonds are made
H is energy in energy out