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AGONISTS
ANTAGONISTS
Block actions of
Mimic actions of
neurotransmitters
neurotransmitters
Occupy receptor site &
Bind to receptors
prevent action.
& generate PSPs
A molecule, that by
A molecule that,
binding to a receptor
by binding to a
site, inhibits or blocks a
receptor site,
response
stimulates a
Botulin (poison found in
response
improperly canned food
causes paralysis by blocking
Opiate drugs can
ACh release
produce a
We call it Botox and inject it
temporary high
AP PSYCH OBJECTIVES
Identify basic processes and systems
in the biological bases of behavior,
including parts of the neuron and the
process of transmission of a signal
between neurons.
Discuss the infl uence of drugs on
neurotransmitters (e.g., reuptake
mechanisms, agonists, antagonists).
BIOLOGICAL
PSYCHOLOGY AND
NEUROTRANSMISSIO
N
PHRENOLOGY
Back in the olden days, we
believed many very stupid
and silly things about
humans and our minds
(coughhindsight bias..)
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS
Today, we now rely on biological
psychologists (people who study
the links between biological
[genetic, neural, hormonal] and
psychological processes)
NEURONS
A TYPICAL NEURON
GLIA
Cells found throughout the nervous system that
provide various types of support for neurons
POLARIZATION
DURING RESTING POTENTIAL the
neuron is polarized = opposites of each
other.
inside of a neurons charge is all
NEGATIVE
Outside of a neuron, the charge is
POSITIVE
Negatives w/negatives, positives
w/positives. Happy homeostasis
prefers to be this way.
NEURON AT REST
Inside and outside the neuron are fl uids containing
electrically charged atoms and molecules called
ions
Positively charged potassium and sodium and
negatively charged chloride ions fl ow back and forth
across the cell membrane, but do NOT cross at the
same rate
HIGHER CONCENTRATION of negatively charged ions
inside the cell------ resulting voltage/potential
energy
RESTING POTENTIAL- stable, negative charge when
the cell is inactive (-70 million volts)
How Does it
Work?
Neurotransmission is
a fancy name for two or
more neurons
communicating with
each other.
There are 4 neurons
communicating in the
picture to the right or
you could say that
neurotransmission is
3
4
2
e e e
e
i
e
e
i
i
Action potential
An electrical impulse is
caused from the rushing in
and out of the ions
(depolarization)
Most basic electrical charge
that travels through the axon of
the neuron; the message that
travels through the axon of the
neuron.
At that moment, the charge
becomes less negative/even
positive, creating an action
Once the
electrical
impulse reaches
the terminal
button
it triggers the
vesicles
(containing
neurotransmitters
), to move toward
REFRACTORY PERIODS
After all this excitement, the channels in the cell
membranes will close up again (and this may take some
time)
Refractory Period
After a neuron has fired an action potential it pauses for a short period to
recharge itself to fire again at this time the inside potassium ions move
out of the cell & cannot fire
Like a toilet bowl..gotta wait for the water to fill up again.
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter8/animation__trans
mission_across_a_synapse.html
Synapse -- a junction
between the axon tip
of the sending neuron
and the dendrite or
cell body of the
receiving neuron. This
tiny gap is called the
synaptic gap or cleft.
FLUSHING NEURON-CAT
Wr ite the se out on a s ep arate sh ee t of pape r (labe l and EXPL AIN)
All-or-Nothing Principle
Refractory Period
Resting Potential
Action Potential
Dendrites
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Terminal Buttons
Soma
Watch the cat again, however this time, watch it and imagine that
th e toilet fl ush ing is like a neuron fi ring
http s://www.you tub e.com/watch?v=H 2W8XKK-3Rk&feature=you tu
.b e
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Neurotransmitters
(chemicals) released
from the sending
neuron, travel across
the synapse and bind
to receptor sites on
the receiving neuron,
thereby influencing it
to generate an action
potential.
OCD
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
ACETYLCHOLINE
Acetylcholine (often abbreviated ACh) is the most common
neurotransmitter. It is located in both the central nervous and
peripheral nervous system
Acetylcholine was the first neurotransmitter be identified in 1914
As a neuromodulator it acts on basic autonomic and muscular
fuctions
Sarin Gas disrupts its ability to function and often leads to death
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Generally involved in regulatory motor
activity
In the basal ganglia, involved in mood,
sensory perception, and attention
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Glutamate
Is an excitatory neurotransmitter
Plays a role in learning and memory
Too much can cause seizures
Malfunction of glutamate has also been
associated with Alzheimer's
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Epinephrine
Also known as adrenaline
Causes the feeling of being
revved up or on edge
Activates a fight or flight reaction in the
autonomic nervous system
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Serotonin
Attention and other complex cognitive
functions, such as sleep (dreaming), eating,
mood, pain regulation
Neurons which use serotonin are
distributed throughout the brain, stomach
and spinal cord
Mood disorders
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
GABA
(gamma-aminobutyric acid)
GABA is the most important and common
inhibitory neurotransmitter
Stops the brain from becoming overexcited
Too much may cause hallucinations
AGONISTS
ANTAGONISTS
Block actions of
neurotransmitters
Mimic actions of
neurotransmitters Occupy receptor site &
prevent action.
Bind to receptors
& generate PSPs a molecule, that by
binding to a receptor
a molecule that,
site, inhibits or blocks a
by binding to a
response
receptor site,
Botulin (poison found in
stimulates a
improperly canned food)
response
causes paralysis by blocking
ACh release
Opiate drugs can
We call it Botox and inject it
produce a
into our faces to paralyze
temporary high
NEXT CLASS:
Reading Guide 3B (Nervous and Endocrine System)
Neural Transmission handout