BARCODE IN RETAIL

Presented by:
Vikas Yadav
Subodh Singh
Satyam
Barkataky

History of Barcode
In 1932 business student Wallace Flint of
the Harvard University Graduate School of
Business Administration
1948 Bernard Silver (192462), a graduate
student of Drexel Institute of Technology in
Philadelphia
Joseph Woodland , Jordin Johanson , Bernard
Silver the three started working on a variety of
systems. Their first working system used
ultraviolet ink.
20 October 1949 they filed a patent application
for "Classifying Apparatus and Method"

 In 1952 Philco purchased their patent, and then

sold it to RCA the same year.
when the Association of American Railroads
(AAR) selected it as a standard across the entire
North American fleet. The installations began
on October 10, 1967
In 1966 the National Association of Food Chains
(NAFC) held a meeting where they discussed
the idea of using automated checkout systems.
IBM had designed five versions of the UPC
symbology for future industry requirements
UPC A, B, C, D, and E. The U.P.C. made its first
commercial appearance at the Marsh
Supermarket in Troy, Ohio in June 1974.

Types of Barcode

Numeric-only barcode: EAN-13 , EAN-8 , UPC-A,

UPC-E , Code 11 , PostNet
Alphanumeric barcodes: Code 39 , Code 93 , Code
128 , LOGMARS
2-Dimensional barcodes: PDF417 , DataMatrix,
Maxicode,
QR Code
Industry Standards for Barcodes and Labels:
Bookland EAN encodes ISBN numbers, ISSN and the
SISAC Barcode, OPC Optical Industry Association
barcode , Co-Operative labels

How do you read a barcode?

A single barcode number is actually seven
units. A unit is either black or white. A unit that
is black would display as a "bar". A unit that is
white would display as a "space". Another way
of writing a barcode unit is "1" for a single unit
"black bar" and "0" for a single unit "white
space". For instance, the number "1" is
composed of the seven units, "0011001" or
"space-space-bar-bar-space-space-bar"

Barcode Reader
A barcode reader (or barcode
scanner) is an electronic device for
reading printed barcodes.
Types of Barcode Readers Used in
Retail:
Pen type barcode reader

Laser scanners

Omni-Directional Barcode Scanners

How a scanner Reads Barcode

Scanners are the devices that read bar codes. Of all the
available bar code readers, the Charge-Coupled Device
(CCD) scanner is the most common. A CCD scanner
uses photoreceptors which are similar to those used by
electronic photographic cameras: the bar code is
illuminated by a row of LEDs and the CCD array sensors
pick up the image of the code. If it falls on a light area,
a zero (0) is read. If it falls on a dark area, it reads a
one (1). Scanning the bar code generates a string of
zeros and ones. This pattern of zeros and ones
represents the characters encoded. The scanner
software, or firmware, translates the strings into
characters

Applications of Barcodes
Inventory of merchandise sold at
retail
An automatic update of stock levels
Automatic re-ordering of new stock
Better marketing information
Give a unique identification to every
product and every piece

Advantages of Barcodes
Fast and Reliable Data Collection
10,000 Times better Accuracy
Reduced Labor Costs
Reduced Revenue Losses Resulting from
Data Collection Errors
Necessary Inventory Levels
Improved Management and Better
Decision Making
Faster Access to Information
Point of Sale
Cost Savings
Customer Satisfaction

 Automated Reordering
Better Decision Making
Work In Progress
Inventory Control
Secured Access
Time and Attendance
Quality Control
Packaging

Drawbacks of Barcode

Pricing Issues
Damaged Labels
Upfront Cost
Training
Printer Requirements

Conclusion
Thus, we can observed that barcode
has its advantages in many fields in
Retail arena like better time
allocation and decision making in
many spheres of retail.
Unlike advantages, it has its
bottlenecks also like initial cost is
quite high while installation and
proper training and education is
needed to use this kind of gadget in

THANK
YOU