Introduction

The slides are slightly modified from

the Authors slide set (K&R)

Computer
Networking: A
Top Down
Approach
6th edition
Jim Kurose, Keith
Ross
Addison-Wesley
March 2012

Introduction

1-1

Introduction
our goal:
overview:
get feel and whats the Internet?
whats a protocol?
terminology
network edge; hosts, access
more depth,
net, physical media
detail later in network core: packet/circuit
course
switching, Internet structure
performance: loss, delay,
approach:
use Internet

as example

throughput
security
protocol layers, service
models
Introduction
history

1-2

What is the Internet: nuts and bolts view

PC

millions of connected computing

devices:

server

mobile network

hosts = end systems

running network apps

wireless
laptop

global ISP

smartphone

wireless
links
wired
links

communication links

fiber, copper,
radio, satellite
transmission
rate: bandwidth

regional ISP

Packet
router

switches:
forward packets
(chunks of data)
routers and
switches Introduction

home
network

institutional
network
1-3

Fun internet appliances

IP picture frame
http://www.ceiva.com/

Internet
refrigerator

Internet phones
Introduction

1-4

Whats the Internet: nuts and

bolts view

Internet: network of
networks

mobile network
global ISP

Interconnected ISPs

protocols control sending,

receiving of msgs

home
network

e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, Skype,

802.11

regional ISP

Internet standards
RFC: Request for comments
IETF: Internet Engineering
Task Force
institutional
network
Introductio 1-5
n

Whats the Internet: a service view

Infrastructure that provides

services to applications:

mobile network
global ISP

Web, VoIP, email, games, ecommerce, social nets,

provides programming
interface to apps

home
network

hooks that allow sending and

receiving app programs to
connect to Internet
provides service options,
analogous to postal service

regional ISP

institutional
network
Introductio 1-6
n

What is a protocol?
human
protocols:

whats the time?

I have a question
introductions

specific msgs sent

specific actions
taken when msgs
received, or other
events

network
protocols:

machines rather
than humans
all communication
activity in Internet
governed
bydefine
protocols
protocols
format, order of

msgs sent and

received among
network entities,
and actions taken on1-7
Introduction

What is a protocol?
a human protocol and a computer network protocol:

Hi

TCP connection
request

Hi

TCP connection
response

Got the
time?

Get http://www.awl.com/kurose-ross

2:00

<file>

time

Q: other human
protocols?

Introduction

1-8

A closer look at network

structure:

mobile network

network edge:

hosts: clients and servers

servers often in data centers

global ISP

home
network

access networks,
physical media:

regional ISP

wired, wireless
communication links

network core:

interconnected routers
network of networks

institutional
network
Introduction

1-9

Network Edge
end systems (hosts):
run application programs
e.g. Web, email
peer-peer
at edge of network

client/server model
client host requests,
receives service from
always-on server
e.g. Web browser/server;
email client/server
Peer-Peer
model:

client/server

minimal (or no) use of

dedicated servers
e.g. Skype, BitTorrent, Kazaa

More

in Chapter 2

Access networks and physical media

Q: How to connect
end systems to
edge router?

residential access nets

institutional access
networks (school,
company)
mobile access networks

keep in mind:

bandwidth (bits per

second) of access
network?
shared or dedicated?
Introduction

1-11

Access net: digital subscriber

line (DSL)
central office

DSL splitter
modem

DSLAM

voice, data transmitted

at different frequencies overDSL access
dedicated line to central office multiplexer

telephone
network

ISP

use existing telephone line to central office DSLAM

data over DSL phone line goes to Internet
voice over DSL phone line goes to telephone net
< 2.5 Mbps upstream transmission rate (typically < 1 Mbps)
< 24 Mbps downstream transmission rate (typically < 10 Mbps)

Introduction

1-12

Access net: cable

network
cable headend

cable splitter
modem

V
I
D
E
O

V
I
D
E
O

V
I
D
E
O

V
I
D
E
O

V
I
D
E
O

V
I
D
E
O

D
A
T
A

D
A
T
A

C
O
N
T
R
O
L

Channels

frequency division multiplexing: different channels transmitted

in different frequency bands
Introduction

1-13

Access net: cable

network
cable headend

cable splitter
modem

CMTS

data, TV transmitted at different

frequencies over shared cable
distribution network

cable modem
termination system

ISP

HFC: hybrid fiber coax

asymmetric: up to 30Mbps downstream transmission rate, 2
Mbps upstream transmission rate
network of cable, fiber attaches homes to ISP router
homes share access network to cable headend
unlike DSL, which has dedicated access to central office
Introduction

1-14

Access net: home

network
wireless
devices

to/from headend or
central office
often combined
in single box

wireless access
point (54
Mbps)

cable or DSL
modem
router, firewall, NAT
wired Ethernet (100
Mbps)
Introduction

1-15

Enterprise access networks (Ethernet)

institutional link to
ISP (Internet)
institutional router
Ethernet
switch

institutional mail,
web servers

typically used in companies, universities, etc

10 Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps transmission rates

today, end systems typically connect into Ethernet switch
Introduction

1-16

Wireless access networks

shared wireless access network connects end

system to router

viaLANs:
base station aka access wide-area
point wireless access
wireless
within building (100 ft)
802.11b/g (WiFi): 11, 54
Mbps transmission rate

provided by telco (cellular)

operator, 10s km
between 1 and 10 Mbps
3G, 4G: LTE

to Internet
to Internet
Introduction

1-17