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Organizations
A systematic arrangement of people
brought together to accomplish some
specific purpose; applies to all
organizationsfor-profit as well as notfor-profit organizations.
Where managers work (manage)
Common characteristics
Goals
Structure
People
Common Characteristics of
Organizations
People Differences
Workers
People who work directly on a job or
task and have no responsibility for
overseeing the work of others
Managers
Individuals in an organization who direct
and are responsible for the activities of
others
Management
Definition
It is a process of designing and
maintaining an environment in which
individuals, working together in
groups, efficiently accomplish selected
aims.
Management
Definition
The process of getting activities
completed efficiently and effectively
with and through other people.
Management
Definintion
Manipulation of resources to achieve
objectives
Resources :
Men
Material
Money
Machine
4Ms
Universality of Management
All managers carryout the functions of planning,
organizing, staffing, leading and controlling
Management applies to any kind of organizations
It applies to managers at all organizational levels
The aim of all managers is to create surplus
Managing is concerned with producyticity.
Management
It is an art.
It can be learnt.
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGERS
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Leading
Controlling
PLANNING
Is defining goals, establishing
strategy to meet them, establish
plans to coordinate activities.
ORGANIZING
Determining what tasks are to be
done, establish the set-up, and
deciding where decisions are to be
made. Establishing an intentional
structure of roles for people to fill in an
organization
STAFFING
Having determined what tasks are to
be done, deciding how many are
required to do the tasks and who is
going to do what. Filling and keeping
filled the positions in the organization
structure
LEADING
Influencing people so that they
contribute to organization and group
goals by Motivating and directing,
selecting most effective
communication channels and
resolving conflicts.
CONTROLLING
Measuring and correcting individual
and organizational performance to
keep them as planned.
MANAGERIAL SKILLS
Conceptual
Design
Human
Technical
TECHNICAL SKILL
Knowledge of and proficiency in
activities
involving methods, processes and
procedures.
HUMAN SKILLS
Ability to work with people.
Creation of an environment in which
people feel
secure and free to express their
opinions.
DESIGN SKILL
Ability to solve problems that will
benefit
enterprise. Also ability to design a
workable
solution to the problems and to avoid
them
in future.
CONCEPTUAL SKILLS
Ability to see the big picture, to
recognize
and understand significant elements in
a
situation.
Conceptua
l & Design
Skill
Top
managem
ent
Middle
managem
ent
Supervis
ors
Human
Skill
Technic
al Skill
Characteristics of excellent
companies
EFFECTIVENESS
To achieve objectives within the available
resources
EFFICIENCY
To achieve objectives at the least cost of
resources.
output
Input
Productivity
It is output Input ratio within time
period with the consideration for quality
Output
Productivity = --------------------Input
( within a time period, quality
considered )
Management
It is an ART or SCIENCE
What is ART
What is SCIENCE
THE EVOLUTION OF
MANAGEMENT THOUGHT
ELTON MAYO
Their studies at Western Electric
company found that
Improvement of productivity was due
to such social factors as
1. Morale
2. Satisfactory interrelationship
between workers of a work
group
3. Effective Management
MANAGERIAL ROLES
APPROACH
Interpersonal
Informational
Decisional
INFORMATIONAL ROLE
Monitor
Disseminator
spokesperson
DECISIONAL ROLE
Entrepreneur
Disturbance Handler
Resource Allocator
Negotiator
Transformation
Process
External Environment
INPUTS
Human
Capital
Managerial Skills
Technological Application
OUTPUTS
Products
Services
Satisfaction
Goal Achievement
Profits
STAKE HOLDERS
Owners
Employees
Consumers
Suppliers
Stock Holders
Government
Community
Managing systems
System
Is a set of inter-related and inter-dependent
parts arranged in a manner that produces a
unified whole.
Closed system
Open system
Closed System
System that is not influenced by or does not
inter- act with its environment.
Open system
System that is dynamic and interacts with its
environment.