Project Title

Solar Power human body Sensing

Automatic light
Under the Guidance of

Submitted by

ABSTRACT
This Project is about scientific home for power saving.
Normally when nobody inside a room and we forgot to
switch off the light and fans.
That light and fans remains on condition. For this reason
we waste lots of electrical energy.
This is a regular problem in every home. For that we have
a solution.
We are going to implement that in this project. When
nobody is inside a room then lights and fans are
automatically off without human body interface to that.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Solar Panel/Photo voltaic cell
Diode
Resistors
Transistor
Led
voltage regulating IC
PIR sensor
Relay
DC bulb

Diode
Allowing Forward Current

Diode
Diode definition:Diode is an electronic device with two
transmitting terminals that allows
electric current to flow in one direction
while blocking current in the opposite
direction.

Blocking Reverse Current

Resistors

Resisto
r

Definition of Resistor
A resistor is an electrical component that limits or
regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic
circuit.

LED

LE
D

Light Emitting Diode

BC547 (NPN Transistor)

The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial
Silicon Transistor.
It is used in general-purpose switching and
amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100
mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of
the device and is given the symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, ().

The current gain from the emitter to the collector

terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (), and is a function of
the transistor itself

Operation of relay
RELAY

RELAY
IT IS A ELECTRO MAGNETIC SWITCH
USED TO CONTROL THE ELECTRICAL DEVICES
COPPER CORE MAGNETIC FLUX PLAYS MAIN ROLE HERE

 The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and

NO:
COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of
the itch.
NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay
coil is off.
NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay
coil is on

BC547 (NPN Transistor)

The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial
Silicon Transistor.
It is used in general-purpose switching and
amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100
mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of
the device and is given the symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, ().

The current gain from the emitter to the collector

terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (), and is a function of
the transistor itself

WORKING OF SOLAR PANEL

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY

The solar photovoltaic array consists of an appropriate number of solar

cells connected in series and or parallel to provide the required current
and voltage.
The array is so oriented as to collect the maximum solar radiation
throughout the year.

WORKING OF SOLAR PANEL

CONT..
The solar energy can be directly converted into electrical energy

by means of photovoltaic effect, i.e. conversion of light into

electricity. Generation of an electromotive force due to absorption
of ionizing radiation is known as photovoltaic effect.

The energy conversion devices which are used to convert

sunlight to electricity by use of the photovoltaic effect are called
solar cells.

Photovoltaic cells are made of semiconductors that

generate electricity when they absorb light. As photons are
received, free electrical charges are generated that can be
collected on contacts applied to the surfaces of the
semiconductors by separating electrons from their parent atoms
and accelerating them across a one way electrostatic barrier
formed by the function between two different types of
semiconductor material.

PIR SENSORS
The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a pyroelectric device that detects
motion by measuring changes in the infrared levels emitted by surrounding
objects. This motion can be detected by checking for a high signal on a single
I/O pin.
Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature,
such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another
temperature, such as a wall
Features: Single bit output
Small size makes it easy to conceal
Compatible with all Parallax microcontrollers

BIBILOGRAPHY

www.beyondlogic.org

www.wikipedia.org

www.howstuffworks.com

www.alldatasheets.com

U
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Y
K
TH A N