Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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Health-Protecting Behaviors
Vaccinations
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Shingles
Tetanus (booster every 10 yr)
Seat belts
Moderate alcohol
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Copyright 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Causes of Malnutrition
Sedentary lifestyle
Reduced metabolic rate
Reduction in total caloric intake
Inappropriate/unbalanced foods for
example, desserts/sweets
Diminished sense of taste, smell
Tooth loss, poorly fitting dentures
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Complex syndrome:
Under-nutrition
Impaired physical functioning
Depression
Cognitive impairment
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Types of Exercise
Resistance
Aerobic
Chair
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Accidents
Fall prevention
Driving safety
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Effects of Drugs
Often intolerant of standard doses
Age-related changes:
Affect absorption
Affect metabolism
Reduce liver blood flow and serum enzyme activity
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Self-Administration of Drugs
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Medication Assessment
& Health Teaching
Assess medication use per Healthy People
2020 recommendations
Highlight all drugs that are part of Beers
criteria
Assess for duplicate drugs
Collaborate with patient, family, pharmacist,
and primary health care provider
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Medication Assessment
& Health Teaching (Cont.)
Give verbal and written information
Promote adherence to drug therapy regimen
exactly as prescribed
Encourage lifestyle changes and
nonpharmacologic interventions
Remind not to share/borrow drugs
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Legal competence
18 yr or older
Pregnant or married minor
Legally emancipated
Not declared incompetent by a court of law
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3 Ds
Depression
Delirium
Dementia
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Depression
Mood disorder having cognitive, affective,
physical manifestations
Primary (lack of neurotransmitters)
Secondary or situational (illness or loss)
Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form
(GDS-SF) used for assessment
Treatment includes drug therapy,
psychotherapy
Reminiscence or reflective therapies useful
with older adults
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Dementia
Syndrome involving slow, progressive
cognitive decline (also known as chronic
confusion)
Global impairment of intellectual function;
generally chronic and progressive
Types
Alzheimers disease
Multi-infarct dementia
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Delirium
Acute state of confusion
Usually short-term; reversible within 1 month
or less
Often experienced by older adults in
unfamiliar settings
Can include physical and emotional
manifestations of change
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CAGE Test
Four questions:
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Sleep disorders
Problems with eating or feeding
Incontinence
Confusion
Evidence of falls
Skin breakdown
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Restraints
Device or drug that prevents patient from
moving freely
Must be prescribed by health care providers
Avoid use whenever possible in nursing
homes, hospitals
Alternatives to restraints should always be
used first
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Restraints (Cont.)
Chemical
Antipsychotics
Antianxiety drugs
Antidepressants
Sedative-hypnotics
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Chapter 2
Audience Response System
Questions
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Question 1
An older patient was admitted for a hip fracture
after a fall in his home. On admission to the
hospital, he was alert and oriented. On
postoperative day 1, the patient is confused,
withdrawn, and restless. What condition does
the nurse suspect?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Delirium
Dementia
Depression
Alcohol withdrawal
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Question 2
An 80-year-old patient has been admitted to the hospital
for extreme weakness and difficulty eating. The nurse
conducts a fall risk assessment. Which variable(s)
indicate that the patient is at risk for falls? (Select all
that apply.)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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Question 3
Which subgroup is referred to as the frail
elderly?
A.
B.
C.
D.
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