Circulatory system

Circulatory system
Two types
Blood vascular system
Lymphatic vascular system

Blood vascular system

Heart
Artery
capillary
vein

General structue of blood vessel

3 Tunics
1-Tunica intima
2-Tunica media
3-Tunica adventitia
lumen

Tunica intima
1-Endothelium
2-Subendothelial layer
=Connective tissue
Elastic fiber
smooth muscle cell
Arranged longitudinally

endothelium
= simple squamous epithelium
Tight junction
Lamina propreia

Tunica media
Connective tissue:(reticular C.T) Collagen III
Elastic fiber
Smooth muscle cell

Tunica adventitia
Dense Connective tissue :Collagen I, adipose cell
Vasa vasorum
Nervi vasorum

Vasa vasorum

Nervi vasorum
1-nerve fiber
2-Carotid & aortic body
3-Baroreceptor

Nervi vasorum
nerve fiber

Carotid & aortic body

=Chemoreceptor
Sensetive: little of O2, co2, PH
Location: branched of common
carotid artery &arch of aorta
Structure:
type I cell=suppoting cell
Type II cell =sensory cell
Secretion:
(dopamin, serotonin, adrenalin)

Baroreceptor
Sensetive:blood pressure
Location:internal carotid artery

Elastic lamina
internal Elastic lamina

external Elastic lamina

Specific structure of blood vessel

Macrovascular
diameter > 0.1mm
Microvascular
diameter=visible only light microscope

Artery
Macrovascular
Transport blood from heart to tissue
Classified according to size
Large artery
Medium artery
Small artery
metarteriol

Large artery = elastic artery

Aorta & large branches
1-Tunica intima: thick
Endothelium
Subendothelial layer: thick
2-Tunica media:
Elastic fiber =large number
Smooth muscle= few
3-Tunica adventitia:
Vasa vasorum
Nervivasorum
Have internal elastic lamina,
not external elastic lamina

Medium artery( muscular artery)

Furnish blood to various organ & control blood flow
By contractile or not contractile
1-Tunica intima:
Endothelium, Subendothelial layer
Smooth muscle &elastic fiber
2-tunica media :
Smooth muscle: large
Elastic fiber: few
3-Tunica adventitia:
Vasa vasorum, Nervivasorum
Have internal elastic lamina, have external elastic lamina

Small artery (arteriol)

Lumen: narrow
1-Tunica intima:
Endothelium
subendothelial layer(thin)
2-tunica media:muscular
1-5 circulatory of smooth muscle
3-tunica adventitia:thin
Have internal elastic lamina
not external elastic lamina

metarteriol
the Smallest arteriole that branch into capillary
Contain: a discontinuous layer of smooth muscle
Between metarteriol &capillary:
Pre-capillary sphincter: simple ring of smooth
muscle

capillary
Microvascular

Structure of capillary
1-Tunica intima= endothelial
a single layer= polygonal cell
2-Tunica media= Pericyte
Mesenchymal cell= transformation into other cell
contain actin &myosin=contractile function
3-Tunica adventitia:
A thin layer of reticular fiber

Type of capillary
1- continuous (somatic) capillary
2- fenestrated (visceral) capillary with diaphragm
3- fenestrated (visceral) capillary without diaphragm
4-sinosoidal capillary

continuous (somatic) capillary

Absence of fenestrate
Numerous pinocytotic vesicle= both direction
Junction: tight junction
Location:
Connective tissue
muscle tissue
Exocrine glands
Nervous tissue

Blood-brain barrier

fenestrated (visceral) capillary

1-fenestrated (visceral) capillary with diaphragm
Kidney, intestin, endocrine gland
2- fenestrated (visceral) capillary without diaphragm
Renal glomerule

sinosoidal capillary
Fenestration: Multiple
=(no diaphragm)
Basal lamina: discontinuous
Macrophages
location:
liver
Hematopoietic organ:
Bone marrow & spleen

Artero-venous anastomosis
Blood flow directly of arteriole to venule
Function: Regulate of blood pressure, blood flow,
blood temperature
structure:
-loss internal elastic lamina
-Thick smooth muscle cell
-Small lumen

Artero-venous anastomosis
Location: finger pad, fingernail bed, Ear
Innervations: sympathetic & parasympathetic nerve
Controlled: neural &hormonal stimulation
Specialized structure :Glomus complex