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Chapter 14

BYRDs

Coach Byrd Rocks!

I. Spread of Slavery?

Slave States or Free States?


Mexican Territories
Popular Sovereignty People Decide
California wants statehood as a Free
State
Upsets the balance of Slave / Free

A) Compromise of 1850

1. California admitted as a Free State


2. Slave Trade abolished in D.C.
3. Fugitive Slave Act passed (North returns
slaves)
4. Washington D.C. keep slaves

B) Kansas Nebraska Act

Take one territory and split it into Two


States

B) Kansas Nebraska Act

Passed with Democratic Support in


North and virtually all Southern votes
in Congress
Northerners were furious Slavery was

C)
Results?
1. Only 7 of 44 Democrats survived the next
election in Congress
2. Republican Party became Relevant Again
(anti-slavery stance)
3. Civil War among people in Kansas

D) The Rise of Lincoln

Republicans were non-existent in the


South
Southern Democrats and Northern

D) Lincoln
Lincoln quoted Mark
3:25 A house
divided against itself
cannot stand
Election of 1860
Lincoln Republicans
win, only because of
a divided Democratic

II. War!!!
The election of Lincoln was received as a
declaration of War in the South
South Carolina: Succession fires on Fort
Sumter

A) Escalation of War
Jefferson Davis is elected President of
the Confederate States of America.
7 states succeed to join S.C.

Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to


fight the Souths Rebellion
Rather fight fellow southerners,
Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North
Carolina join the Confederates

B) Causes of the War

1. Legality of Secession North Against; South


For. 2nd war of Independence
2. 2. Slavery North moving to end it, would be
detrimental to Southern Economy
3. 3. Patriotism Commonly took more pride in
your own state, than the whole Union. ex:
Georgian

C) Advantages

Who has the advantage?


Population: North (18.5 million vs. 9 mil)
Food / Agriculture: North (south had tobacco /
cotton) (Mid-West had grains, corn, oats)

C) Advantages

Livestock? Horses, Cows, ect Even


Roads, Railroads: North (2x many as south)
Industry (make things): North (5 times as many
factories, 10 times the workers)

D) Strategery!
Anaconda Plan! ***
Northern Battle Plan
1. Blockade the Coast (no
supplies to South)
2. Capture / Control the
Mississippi River
3. Capture Confederate
Capitol: Richmond

D) Strategery Cont.

Confederate Battle Plan

Defensive

SURVIVE!

III. 1861

Civil War: 1861-1865

A) War in the East

Both sides thought this would be a quick war


Lincolns 75,000 soldiers signed 3 month
enlistment papers

A) War in the East

With three months coming to a close;


Lincoln pushes Union General Scott
McDowell to take Richmond
Meets General Beauregards army at

B) Battle of First Manassas*

Union began well and push Confederates


back
Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson arrives
in the nick of time to win the battle

Results

Confederates: Overconfident
Union: Demoralized; McDowell fired!
George B. McClellan promoted

IV. 1862
Civil War: 1861-1865

A) Peninsular Campaign

McClellan trains the army into a fighting


machine
Highly disciplined and super organized

Peninsular Campaign

Super cautious; Lincoln orders him into


battle

Peninsular Campaign

1. First half lands by sea east of Richmond


2. Second half comes by land from north
3. They plan trap Richmond between each army

B) Monitor vs. Merrimac

Confederates unveil new super


weapon
Merrimac Iron Clad ship
upside down bathtub

U.S.S. Monitor

US. Ironclad
Rotating turret with two cannons
Battled the Merrimac for 4 hrs.

U.S.S. Monitor

No winner
Monitor prevented Merrimac from
destroying US fleet

C) Valley Campaign

During this campaign, Stonewall Jackson


defeats two Union armies
McClellan reaches outskirts of Richmond

C) Valley Campaign

Confederate General Joseph J. Johnston


soundly defeats Union Army heavy
casualties both sides
Johnston thought to be mortally wounded

D) Seven Days Battle


Jefferson Davis
sends his personal
military advisor to
replace Joseph
Johnston
Robert E. Lee
Pushed McClellans
army out of
Virginia and back

Confederate General roll


call!
Confederate:
1. Beauregard
2. Joseph
Johnston
3. Robert E. Lee
_________________

E) 2nd Manassas
Lee sends J.E.B. Stuart to raid
Union Rear
Lee sends Stonewall Jackson to
attack Popes flank
Lee then hits him head on and
wipes Popes army out

F) Antietam

Lee embolden by 2nd Manassas

Invade Maryland

Gain foreign aid

Force D.C. into peace


Union soldier finds Lees battle plans

F) Antietam

McClellan: Here is a Paper with which, if I cannot


whip Bobby Lee, I will be willing to go home

F) Antietam

Within a day, Lee realizes McClellan knows his plans


because of J.E.B. Stuart
Lee pulls back assault and holds up at Antietam Creek

F) Antietam

Union attack Lee at Antietam


Becomes the bloodiest day of battle in
American History

F) Antietam

12,000 10,000

Lee retreats to regroup; Union kinda wins

Really just a draw

G) Fredericksburg*

Confederates firmly entrenched on a


hill behind a stone wall a mile of
open ground in front of them An

G) Fredericksburg

Burnside orders repeated waves of


attacks
12,000 Union soldiers killed to only 5,000

V. 1863
Civil War: 1861-1865

Chancellorsville

Joe Hooker: bragged: May God have mercy on


General Lee, for I will have none.
Lee divided army into three parts

Chancellorsville

Stonewall Jackson out flanks Union army,


and in a massive surprise attack collapses
the Union battle Lines

Chancellorsville

One night, Stonewall Jackson is scouting


where the enemy lines are when he is shot
by a sentry when returning to his own camp

1st half of War Results

1. Stonewall Jackson dies of Pneumonia;


His loss is irreplaceable to South
2. Union frustrated by inability to capture
Richmond

1st half of War Results

3. Victories of major battles raised Moral


of South, dampened spirits of the North
4. Longer the South held out, the more
likely a European Power would join in

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