Jadavpur University

Science Club
Arduino Begins

Analog & Digital

Analog signals can take infinite number of states between two finite
states. Digital signals can take finite number of states.

Analog signals are subjected to deterioration by noise during

transmission and write/read cycle. Hence its accuracy gets affected.
Whereas Digital signals can be noise immune, thus far more accurate
than analog signals.

Digitalize The World

A digital circuit is typically constructed from small electronic circuits

called logic gates that can be used to create combinational logic. Each
logic gate is designed to perform a function of Boolean logic when acting
on logic signals.

Digital signals, however, can be of infinite number of states. The digital

signal having two states (0 & 1) is designated as binary signals. A digital
signal signal can be m-ary (i.e. consists of m such states).

Coding Starts

Coding is virtualization of digital circuits made in breadbords.

Compilers create a virtual environment to test & run the circuit.

Languages are interfaces between compiler and coder.

Translator

You type your code in your language. Compiler converts it to a language

which your computer understands.

Languages are the human interface which makes the compiler to

understand the logic of the digital environment.

Arduino.

Arduino is an open-source electronic prototyping platform enabling users

to create interactive electronic object.

Control Lines

USB Pots

Digital & Analog outs

Power jacks

PWM

Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) or Pulse-duration Modulation (PDM) is a

method of encoding message into a digital signal by modulating the
width of each pulse trigger of the digital signal.

Bit Resolution

The analog pins can also be used as digital input pins by the method of
bit resolution.

Theresolutionof a n-bitanalog-to-digital Converter (ADC) is a function

of how many parts the maximum signal can be divided into.

The formula to calculateresolutionis 2^n.

Hello World
void setup() {
pinMode (13,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
Serial.print("Hey Folks\n");
delay(3000);
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
Serial.print("I'm Arduino Uno here\nBye\n");
delay(3000);
}