MICROBES IN NUTRACEUTICAL

PRODUCTS

Presented by:
Ahmad Anwar Sauqie b. Mohd Ghani
Nurfatin Nadia binti Saaidon
Siti Farahsyazwani binti Jasni
Mohd Rusman Rais bin Rosli

INTRODUCTION

Nutraceuticalsdefined synonymously with

functional foods in the media and literature
(Mulry, 2016)
"Nutraceutical" from "Nutrition" and
"Pharmaceutical" (Kalra, 2003)
a food (or part of a food) that provides medical
or health benefits, including the prevention
and /or treatment of a disease

 when functional food aids in the prevention

and/or treatment of disease(s) and/or
disorder(Kalra, 2003)
Human manipulate the food to control the
health.
traced back ancient Rome and China, and
remain an area of great interest for
researchers in modern times(Frouton 2012).
Example-more strength, lifespan, beauty
and intelligent

 Increasing awareness and interest in

nutraceutical proposed professionals,
educators, and journalists and important
advantages (Food Insight, 2014).
Microbes organism cannot be seen by naked
eye either single celled or multicellular and
they are abundant on earth.

 derived from Greek: mikros-small

organismos-living
thing.
belong to either bacteria, viruses, fungi or
protozoa
exist in hot, cold, acidic or no oxygen
Some microbes cause disease in human,
plant and animals.

 Some live human, animal and plant and no

exceptional to nutraceutical.
microbe live in nutraceutical product are
selected
According to Lily and Crosariol(2007), to meet
client need of safe products, dietary supplement
manufactures has adopt safety and testing
strategies that address and overcome these
challenges.

Antioxida
nt

Boost
the
immune
system

Advanta
ges of
Microbes
Anticancer

Anti-cancer
Bifidobacterium can inhibit cancer growth
They can easily carry anticancer genes and
become the reservoir of anticancer medicine
Moreover, Salmonella strains were engineered
to produce several proteins and toxins with
anticancer activity.
A vaccine strain of Salmonella
choleraesuiswas developed, this strain was
capable of delaying tumor growth in
subcutaneous tumors.

Boost immune system

Study conducted by Loyola University
(2010), Bacillus can bind to immune
system cells and stimulate them to
divide and reproduce.
Microbes help train the immune
system, if the microbiome is thrown out
of whack

Antioxidant
Escherichia coliand other microorganisms provides a
more stimulating and cooperative alternative to
encounter the increasing demand of natural
antioxidants ( Yuheng et al., 2014).
microbial production of natural antioxidants including
polyphenols, carotenoids, and antioxidant vitamins
The production of natural antioxidants provides new
opportunities to modify their chemistry and create
novel non-natural antioxidants with more attractive
pharmaceutical properties

Lactic
acid
bacteri
a

Escherichi
a coli

Common
microbes
used in
nutraceutic
al products

Cyanobacter
ia

WHY LACTIC ACID

BACTERIA?
Known as probiotic bacterium
The bacterium is food grade
Produces natural antibiotics ; lactocidin &
acidophilin
No endotoxins or inclusion bodies are formed
Control intestinal infections
Example of Lactobacillus sp:
- L. casei
-L. plantarum

CYANOBACTERIA (BLUE-GREEN ALGAE)

Spirulina is a cyanobacterium that can be consume by human
and other animals.
High in protein & amino acids:
-Gamma linolenic acid (GLA)
(Cohen et al., 1993)
Great sources of other nutrients:
- Thiamine (vitamins B-1)
- Folic acid ( B-9)
- Calcium
- Sodium
- Vitamin C,D,A and E
High calcium with over 26 times the calcium in milk (Karkos et
al., 2011).

BENEFITS OF SPIRULINA

THE MECHANISM OF ACTION

Microbes in nutraceutical have been reported to
play a therapeutic role by : Modulating immunity
lowering cholesterol
improving lactose tolerance
preventing some cancers

THREE MODES OF ACTION: Modulation of the hosts defences

Immune system may be influenced by

means of products such as metabolites,
cell wall components or DNA.
Products can be recognised by the host
cells. Host cells are sensitive for these
because of the presence of a specific
receptor (Cummings et al., 2004).

THREE MODES OF ACTION: Direct effect on other microorganisms which can be commensal
and/or pathogenic

Example: The supplement for restoration

of microbial balance in gut.
Microbes may have the ability to be
competitive with pathogens and therefore
allow for preventing their adhesion to the
intestine.

THREE MODES OF ACTION:-

The ability to affect some microbial products such as toxins and

host products like bile salts and food ingredients (Patel et al.,
2010).

These three mechanisms of action are

strain-dependent

THE EFFECTIVENESS: THE GUT AND THE

IMMUNE SYSTEM
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic recurrent pathology, which mainly
consists in ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease (Burgain et al., 2011)
E. coli Nissle 1917 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can prevent relapses
of inflammatory bowel diseases and are able to decrease the recurrence of
ulcerative colitis.
Crohns disease current evidences suggest that microbes are ineffective at
treating patient with this pathology.

Studies investigating the preventive effect of microbes in the context of

the common cold and flu infections show that the studied strains failed to
lower the incidence of episodes (Burgain et al., 2011)
No evidence - proving that microbes are effective in preventing or treating
eczema and allergies (Burgain et al., 2011)

CONCLUSION
Addition of suitable beneficial microbes
such as probiotics has further enriched
the nutritional content and the bioactive
metabolites, producing nutraceutical
with health-promoting value.