Sie sind auf Seite 1von 100

COMMUNITY

ORIENTED POLICING
SYSTEM

Community Oriented Policing

a philosophy of full service, personalized

and decentralized policing, where citizens


feel empowered to work in a proactive
efforts with the police in solving the
problems of crimes, fear of crimes,
disorder, decay, and quality of life. It
broadens the nature and manner of policing,
thus it emphasizes organizational change,
active problem solving and external
partnership to address issues that concern
both the police and the public.

In Community Oriented Policing System,


there are three equally important elements
and core components which are most
complex and difficult to implement on the
ground.
These three equally core
components must be orchestrated, balanced
and synergized, in order for the COPS be
effective when implemented on the ground

Three equally core components of


Community Oriented Policing
system:

I. Full service Policing

the police shall simultaneously perform


crime deterrence drives to secure the
community against crimes and other
lawlessness. Crime prevention, suppression
and deterrence drives shall all be proactive
approaches in combating crimes

II. Community partnership

the police and the citizens must work


together to identify and address community
crimes and disorder problems.
It includes:
1. Positive Relationship with the community
2. Community involvement in the quest for
better crime control and prevention
3. Pooled approaches to address
communitys most urgent concern
4. Shared responsibility for finding workable
solution to problems that detract from
community safety and security.

Four Keys to the Community


Partnership:

COMMUNITY CONTACT must be meaningful.


The officer should have specific reasons for
meeting with the citizen.
COMMUNICATION must be sincere. The
officer and citizen should have specific
problems or concerns and be committed in
doing something for the solutions.
TRUST will occur when the citizen believes
that the officer sincerely wants to make the
community safer
INFORMATION EXCHANGE - the officer and
the citizen will exchange valuable
information about problems, symptoms or
causes of crimes and disorder.

POLICING IS NECESSARY TO
MAINTAIN AN ORDERLY
SOCIETY

III. Problem Solving

is the process of carefully studying crime


and disorder in a small geographically
defined areas so that appropriate resources
can be applied to reduce crime and disorder.
Officer must develop a sense of responsibility
and concern of the area. He must:
Learn the service needs and demands in that area;
Device ways to manage information gleaned from
various community sources;
Learn how to identify crimes and disorder problems
and distinguished them from incidents;
Develop plans with citizens to address crimes and
disorder problems; and
Work with citizens to assess the results of their
efforts.

The Problem solving approach represents a


significant evolutionary steps in helping law
enforcement to work NOT only HARDER but
also SMARTER and FASTER, it provide:
INCREASE

OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS by
attacking underlying problems that gives rise to
incidents that consume patrol and detective time
RELIANCE ON THE EXPERTISE AND CREATIVITY OF
LINE OFFICERS to study problem carefully and
develop innovative solutions
CLOSER INVOLVEMENT WITH COMMUNITY - to
make sure that the police are addressing the
needs of the community.

PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY


(S.A.R.A.)

SCANNING - define problems in a more precise and


useful terms
ANALYSIS- Collect information from the public and
private sources, not only relying on police data, then
analyze its causes for presentation of the course of
action
RESPONSE work with citizen, business, private and
public agencies and tailor program of actions
suitable to the characteristics and the conditions of
the problems
ASSESSMENT evaluate the impact/implications of
the course of actions undertaken if the problem were
actually solved.

Four Basic Principles in Problem


Solving:

INFORMATION Encourage use of broad range


of information not limited to conventional
police data.
RESPONSE Encourage citizens to provide
information as part of their responsibilities
REPRODUCTIVITY The system must be one
that any police station could apply.
PARTICIPATION the policemen from all units
must be able to use the procedures in
problem solving as part of their daily routine.

C.O.P.S. PROGRAM COMPONENTS;

1. Community Based crime prevention


through neighbourhood watch
2. Proactive non-emergency police services
3. Police accountability to local community
4. Decentralization of command to gain
operational flexibility needed to shape police
strategies to particular area. C.O.P.S. implies
that smaller and more local is better,
considering that communities have
different policing priorities and problems.
Policing must be adaptable to the area. To
accomplish this, subordinate commanders
must be given freedom to act according to
their own assessment of the local conditions.

principles of community policing


1.The basic mission of police existence is to
prevent crimes.
2. The ability of the police to perform their
duties is dependent upon public approval of
the police actions
3. The police should secure the willing of the
public in voluntary observance of the law
to be able to secure and maintain the
respect of the public
4. The degree of the cooperation of the public
that can be secured diminishes
proportionate to the necessity of the use of
physical force.

5. Police seek and preserve public favor not catering for


the public opinion but by constantly demonstrating
absolute impartial to the service of the law.
6. Police use physical force to the extent necessary to
secure observance of the law or to restore order only
when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning
is found insufficient.
7. Police at all times should maintain a relationship
with the public that give reality to the historic
tradition that the police are the public and the public
are the police the police being only the members of
the public who are paid to give full-time attention to
duties which are incumbent on every citizen on the
interests of community welfare and existence

8. Police should always direct their actions


strictly towards their functions and never
appear to usurp the powers of the
judiciary.
9. The tests of police efficiency is the absence
of crime and disorder, not the visible
evidence of police action in dealing with it.

PHASES OF COMMUNITY
ORIENTED POLICING
SYSTEM
OPERATIONALIZATION

I. Community Needs Assessment

determining the peace and order, public


safety and other related problems and
corresponding aspirations of the community
and its perceptions and expectations of the
police which could be done through
collection and analysis of information.
Tools/Sources of Information:
Surveys

and interviews
Public fora and community meetings
Local mass media
Involvement of various schools, churches,
business circles NGO, and other sectors in the
community.

The type of information that should be


collected are those that reflects and
describes the concerns and desires of the
community pertaining to peace and order,
public safety and other related concerns

II. Estimate of the Situation

identification and consideration of all


elements and aspects of the situation in the
locality that affects/influences the
operationalization of COPS and the
satisfaction of community needs. (This is
more comprehensive compared to phase I, in
terms of scope, and more detailed)

III. Formulation of COPS-ified unit


Structure and Deployment Scheme

31

Three steps in formulation COPSified Units:

1. Conduct internal assessment of the unit.


Study

the staff/resource utilization by


determining the minimum number of personnel
and resources required
Find out for additional/forthcoming
staff/resources from higher headquarters/local
government units/countrywide development fund
Determine the available and lacking staff
capabilities especially the number of trained
officers needed,
Take note of the image/credibility and
acceptability of the local police unit in the
community as determined in phase I.

2. Determine the COPSified Unit Structure


determining the number of OSG and other
offices through the results of internal
assessment.
3. Formulate the activation/Manning Scheme
to establish with the order of priority as to
which CPUs and/or OSGs shall be activated
and manned first, as the needed staff
capability and resources are available.

IV. Resources Mobilization and


Capability Build Up

Preparation for the implementation shall be


undertaken in terms of resource mobilization
and capability build up.

Resource Mobilization

the process whereby the needed manpower


and resources are generated for the purpose
of implementing the COPS, including the
support for capability build up.

Resource Mobilization

Select the qualified personnel who shall undergo the


COPS officers training course after a consultation
with the community
Request for the follow up of additional staff and
resources from higher headquarters.
Obtain funds and other resources of local government
units, the countrywide development funds of solons,
PCSO, PAGCOR.
Utilize the private sectors, especially the
businessmen, homeowner associations, civic clubs,
NGOs, etc.
Solicit donations in cash or in kind from
foreign/international entities such as vehicles and
the likes
Seek other sources and donors as necessary.

Capability Build Up

the process whereby outfit is empowered to


implement its COPS-ified unit structure and
Activation/Manning Scheme and eventually
perform the core components of COPS

Capability Build Up

Training/re-orientation of selected personnel on COPS and allied subjects

Address/resolve the problems/defects and expectations from the police


by the community in phase I such as conduct of self-critiquing and values
formation seminar/workshops among personnel of the unit. Priority
emphasis should be focused on image, the credibility/trustworthiness and
acceptability.

Scout and negotiate for the availability of suitable vacant buildings, open
spaces and the like to serve as CPUs bases or Post/Centers

Acquisition through donation or loan for procurement of equipage for


CPUs

Undertake organizational development such as


decentralization/delegation of authority/responsibility, revision of SOPs
and doctrines

Others as appropriate.

V. Operationalization of COPS

Implementation of core components shall


begin by the return of trained COPS officers
and by the availability of the needed
resources.

Operationalization of COPS

Activation/Manning of CPUs
Manned

by personnel trained on COPS preferably


have the trust/confidence/sympathy of the
community to be served and protected.
Community Oriented Policing of the station
should make sure NOT for reduce # of personnel
and equipage of the activated CPUs
Emphasized that COPS has a long gestation and
its success shall depend mainly on the building
and development of community partnership with
the police
Observe principle of sustainability

Operationalization of COPS

Implementation of Core Components


CPU

shall immediately work and implement the


core components of COPS, that is, FULL SERVICE
POLICING, PROBLEM SOLVING and COMMUNITY
PARTNERSHIP.

VI. Monitoring/Evaluation and


Enhancement

To ensure the proper implementation of


COPS and its eventual success.
Monitoring shall be done with sustainability
to determine what have been accomplished
so far by whom, when and how; and what are
not accomplished by whom and why?
For monitoring purposes the following
tools/mechanisms maybe available

Monitoring/Evaluation and
Enhancement
Preferably in combination
Inspection/walk-around
this should be done on the
spot or unannounced, to see what is really going on
the ground.
Third party/Incognito tests and observations ask
friends to visit CPUs and test/observe how the
personnel shall respond
Surveys and Interviews of Community Members get
feedback from the clientele through incognito/third
party surveys and interview.
Tri-media reports/opinions/columns watch/listen to
and read tri media
CPU Reports should be analyzed and evaluated.

Evaluation

to determine if the program on the overall is


succeeding or failing; and be able to
determine the gains/losses, strong/weak
points, ahead/behind schedule,
performers/non-performers./used and the
degree of economy attained in their
allocation

Criteria for evaluation:

EFFECTIVENESS
refers

to the degree of community satisfaction


and the overall impact on the state of peace and
order, public safety and the quality of life
brought about by COPS operationalization in the
community.

Criteria for evaluation:

EFFICIENCY

measure of the percentage of mobilizeable


resources actually mobilized/used and the
degree of economy attained in their
allocation/utilization.

Criteria for evaluation:

EQUITY
measure

of the degree of fulfilment of


democratic norms of equal access to police
services by all citizens, equal treatment of all
individuals by the police, equal distribution of
police services and resources among the
communities.

Criteria for evaluation:

ENHANCEMENT
Process

of putting back on course, fast-tracking


ironing out kinks and the like in order to enhance
the implementation and ensure the success of
COPS, The results of the evaluation shall serve as
the basis for this undertaking.

The following shall be done:


Maintain or sustain the successful elements
or aspects
Maintain or reduce the failing /dysfunctional
elements/aspects like replacing immediately
lazy, untrustworthy, problematic COPS
officers
Fast-track or adjust the defective
elements/aspects
Weed out the incorrigible/negating
elements/aspects, like purging the misfits
and scalawags from the police service.
Others as appropriate.

VII. Institutionalization

Measures to be instituted:

Sustain the momentum of the implementation keep the


COPS officers inspired and motivated, and maintain the
enthusiasm and spirit of volunteerism among members of
the community
Preserve, consolidate and institutionalize the gains
strengthen the community partnership, build and nurture
mutual respects, trust and sympathy between COPS
officers and the community; promote and institutionalize
the principle of Mutual Utility that COPS officers and
community members mutually needs each other.
Combat ningas kogon tendency maana habit, bahala
attitude, and other disadvantages tendencies, which are
prevalent among Filipinos.
Keep the COPS especially its Core Components, dynamic to
be always attuned with times and be responsive to the
changing needs of the community.

GOAL OF COMMUNITY POLICING

to reduce crime and disorder by carefully


examining the characteristics of problems in
neighbourhood and then applying
appropriate problem solving remedies.
Strategies in Community Policing:
Police visibility
Increase access to the police by the people in
the community
Increase predictability of policemen on
specific beats

POLICE VISIBILITY

Ways of carrying out strategies

the police need to establish neighbourhood


management teams composed of the
residents and the police to:
Identify problems
Set priorities
Recommend action
Evaluate the results of problem solving
strategies

GOAL OF COMMUNITY POLICING

to reduce crime and disorder by carefully


examining the characteristics of problems in
neighbourhood and then applying
appropriate problem solving remedies.
Strategies in Community Policing:
Police visibility
Increase access to the police by the people in
the community
Increase predictability of policemen on
specific beats

COMMUNITY POLICING PRINCIPLES

1. Philosophy and a Strategy both a


philosophy and an organizational strategy.
That allows the police and community
residents to work closely together in new
ways to solve the problems of crimes, fear of
crimes, disorder decay and quality of life. It
is the belief that law-abiding people in the
community deserve input into the police
process, in exchange for their participation
and support.

2. Requires implementation by all police


personnel as an organizational strategy first
demands that everyone in the department,
including both NUP and uniformed personnel
a must investigate ways to translate the
philosophy into practice.

3. Requires a new type of police officers, the


Community Policing officer police
department and to create and develop a
new breed of line officers who will act as the
direct link between the police unit and the
community

4. The CPOs should work with volunteers


demands continuous, sustained contact with
the law abiding people in the community, so
that together they can explore or create new
solutions to local concerns involving crime,
fear of crimes, disorder, decay and even
quality of life.

5. Introduces a different kind of relationship


between officers and citizens implies a new
contact between the police and the public,
the police offers the hope of overcoming
widespread of apathy, and at the same time
it restrains any impulse to vigilantism.

6. Adds proactive dimensions to police work


adds vital proactive element to the
traditional reactive role of the police
resulting in full-spectrum police service.
7. Aims to protect the most vulnerable
segments in society stresses imploring new
ways to protect and enhance the lives of
those who are most vulnerable juveniles,
the elderly, minorities, the poor, the
disabled, the homeless

8. Seeks to balance human skills with


technology innovations permits the
judicious use of technology, but it also rests
on the belief that nothing surpasses what
dedicated human beings, talking and working
together, can achieve.
9. Must be implemented and integrated
force-wide must be fully integrated,
approach that involves everyone in the
department, with CPOSs as specialists in
bridging the gap between police and the
public.

10. Emphasizes decentralization - provides


decentralized personalized police service to
the community. It recognizes that the people
cannot impose order on the community from
the outside, but that people must be
encouraged to think about the police as a
resource they can use in helping to solve
contemporary community concerns

COMPARISON: Community
Policing Program VS. PoliceCommunity Relations Program

In the implementation of the Community


Policing Program, policemen maybe confused
on the concept of COPS and how it differs
from Police Community Relation Program
which has been in placed in all police units.
Categorically, COPS as an organizational
philosophy and operational strategy cuts
across policing dimensions. It does not
assume to replace the current PoliceCommunity Relations Program.

Specifically, the two programs differ on the


following:
On

Theory =
COPS is based on organizational, open system,
critical, normative sponsorship theories and
public policy analysis
PCR conflict, intergroup relation and
communication theories

Mission

COPS requires philosophical commitment to


involve ordinary citizens as partners in crime
prevention and in so doing contemporary
problems and in efforts to improve the quality of
life in the community,
PCR- is not a philosophy, but rather a limited
approach aimed at reducing hostility towards the
police among the public. In essence, it implies a
narrow bureaucratic response to a specific
problem rather than a fundamental change in the
overall mission of the police unit and increase
expectations of the community,

Organizational

Strategy
COPS requires everyone in the police unit to
explore how they can carry out the mission in
practice. Equally important is that the police unit
must permanently deploy a portion of its
personnel/resources in specified areas or beats so
that they can maintain direct, daily contact with
the people.
PCR - is separate specialty unit whose functions
are restricted by the narrow definition of their
goals. They have limited on-going intensive
outreach to the community and no systematic
process to effect change with the police unit
organization itself.

Operational

Goal

COPS - Commitment means the police job must be


reassessed in the light of the new mission. Their mandate
requires them to involved residents in proactive efforts
focused on the expanded mission of the police.
Policemen acts as outreach program and linkage
development specialists and problem solvers, must
overcome public indifference and retain vigilantism.
Must recognized that the police and the community are
partners in the maintenance of peace and order
PCR- Commitment revolves around its function on the
major components of public relations activities through
Community Assistance and Development, Public Information
relying mostly on Mass Media Technology and PSYOPS which
sometimes ended with negative feedback from the
community.

Performance

Measures
COPS - implies moving away from narrow
quantitative measures of success; number of
arrests, response time, clearance rates, number
of complaints, etc. Its accountability is not only
supervised by senior officers but by the
community at large.
PCR people cannot hold them directly
accountable. They are often perceived as buffer
between the community and the police unit.

Scope

of Impact
COPS mission is carried out directly by the
community policemen in the streets and make
dramatic changes. It brings closer relationship,
and develops trust and confidence.
PCR policemen educate citizens on issues like
response time and how they can effectively use
scarce resources rather than expect increased
services.

Change

-as an outcome or results of each


implementation
COPS can start from the bottom
PCR limited from the top command

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen