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CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 1
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
AND MEASUREMENTS
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
Learning Outcome:
PHYSICS
1.1
CHAPTER 1Units an
Physical Quantities,
Dimension
Physical quantity is defined
as a quantity that can be measured
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
Table 1.1 shows all the basic (base) quantities.
Quantity
Symbol
SI Unit
Symbol
Dimension
Length
metre
Mass
kilogram
kg
Time
second
T/
kelvin
Electric current
ampere
Amount of
substance
mole
mol
Temperature
Table 1.1
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
Symbol
Formula
Unit
Dimensions
Velocity
Length/time
m s-1
Volume
m3
Acceleration
Velocity/time
m s-2
Density
Mass/volume
kg m-3
Momentum
Mass*velocity
kg m s-1
Force
Mass*acceleration
kg m s-2
MLT-2
Energy
Force*length
ML2T-2
Pressure
Force/area
kg m-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Frequency
1/time
s-1
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
Table 1.3
Multiple
Symbol
tera
1012
giga
109
mega
106
kilo
103
deci
101
centi
102
milli
103
micro
106
nano
10-9
pico
1012
Examples:
5740000 m = 5740 km = 5.74 Mm
0.00000233 s = 2.33 106 s = 2.33 s
PHYSICS
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Useful Conversion
Factors:
1
1
1
1
inch = 2.54
m = 3.28
mile = 5280
mile = 1.61
cm
ft
ft
km
PHYSICS
65km
h18m
s
11
CHAPTER 1
Example 1.1 :
b. 65 km h1 = ? m s1
c. 450 g cm3 = ? kg m3
Solution :
a. 15 mm2 = ? m2
1 mm 2 ......m 2
1 mm 2 10 6 m 2
b. 65 km h-1 = ? m s-1
65
10
m
1
65 km h
1
h
65
10
m
1
65 km h
.......... s
PHYSICS
3
3
450gcm
4.5105kgm
CHAPTER 1
450 g cm 3
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
Exercise
1. A hall bulletin board has an area of 250 cm2. What is this area in
square meters ( m2 ) ?
2.
Determine
a) The SI unit of T
b) The Dimensional expression for T
3. Convert the following into its SI unit:
(a) 80 km h1 = ? m s1
(b) 450 g cm3 = ? kg m3
(c) 15 dm3 = ? m3
(d) 450 K = ? C
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
Learning Outcome:
PHYSICS
ABAcoisnBAcoins
CHAPTER 1
Learning Outcome:
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
1.2.1 Vectors
Vector A
Table 1.4
velocity
v
v
s (bold)
v (bold)
acceleration
a
a
a (bold)
Notation of magnitude of
vectors.
v v
a a
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
Two vectors equal if both magnitude and direction are the same.
(shown in figure 1.1)
Figure 1.1
PQ
kA
kA
if k = +ve,
+ve the vector is in the same direction as
vector A.
if k = -ve,
-ve the vector is in the opposite direction
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of vector A.
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
1.2.2 Direction of Vectors
v
50
17
PHYSICS
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c) Cartesian coordinates
2-Dimension (2-D)
s ( x, y ) (1 m, 5 m)
y/m
5
s
1
x/m
18
PHYSICS
s
CHAPTER 1
3-Dimension (3-D)
s ( x, y , z ) ( 4, 3, 2) m
r
s ...i +...j + ..k
y/m
3
z/m
x/m
19
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
d) Polar coordinates
F 30 N,150
150
20
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
Unit vectors
A unit vector is a vector that has a magnitude of 1 with no units.
| i | = | j | = | k | = 1
21
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
1.2.3 Addition of Vectors
Parallelogram
A B
A B
B
O
Triangle
B
22
PHYSICS
2AB
CHAPTER 1
A B 2 A 2 B
2B
2A
2 A B 2 A 2B
23
CHAPTER 1
For example C
: D
A negative vector
D
direction
is a vector
C DC D
D
C
D
D
PHYSICS
Parallelogram
C
Triangle
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
1.2.5 Unit Vectors
, b, c
notations a
of vector A.
A
a 1
A
a 1
x - axis i @ i (bold )
y - axis j @ j (bold )
z - axis k @ k (bold )
i j k 1
25
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
z
Vector can be written in term of unit vectors as :
r rx i ry j rz k
Magnitude of vector,
rx 2 ry 2 rz 2
26
PHYSICS
E.g. : s
CHAPTER 1
4i 3 j 2k m
4 2 3 2 2 2
y/m
5.39 m
3 j
2k
z/m
4i
x/m
27
PHYSICS
A
B
A
A
BcosBAcosB
CHAPTER 1
Figure 1.4a
A B A component of B parallel to A
Figure 1.4b
Figure 1.4c
28
Figure
1.4c
shows
the
projection
of
vector
onto
the
direction
of
A B B component of A parallel to B
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
A B A B cos
B A B A cos
where
: angle between two vectors
The scalar product is a scalar quantity.
quantity
The angle
When
9 0 180
90
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
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