Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
FACILITY DESIGN
L5
Objective
Considerations to minimize staff doses
when designing a new PET/CT and/or
cyclotron facility, including shielding and
layout issues
Content
Cyclotron design
PET/CT department design
Structural shielding
Building requirements
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I, 123I, 64Cu
Cyclotrons - Radiation
Prompt radiation
between shield blocks the neutron dose = 1050% of total measured dose
Cyclotron: Self
Preventive
maintenance (PMS)
- Surveys
- Pocket dosimeters
- Action levels
Scram buttons
Target rebuilds
Activated
components-storage
Waste disposal: longlived
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Example 2
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Delivery of radiopharmaceutical
Storage of radioactive material
Dose preparation
Administration
Resting rooms
Lavatory facilities
Scanning room
Control room
Post-scan requirements
Accompanying persons
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1m
Bone
0.27
0.02
FDG
0.22
17
140
140
140
140
14
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External
saliva
perspiration
breath
urine
0.8
0.3
0.09
0.04 mSv/h
0.5
2m
Benatar NA, Cronin BF, ODoherty M. Radiation dose rates from patients undergoing PET:
implications for technologists and waiting areas. Eur J Nucl Med 2000: 27: 583-9
Radiation Protection in PET/CT
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Layout of a
Nuclear Medicine Department
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Shielding
Much cheaper and more convenient to shield the
source, where possible, rather than the room or the
person
Structural shielding is generally not necessary in a
nuclear medicine department, but becomes necessary
with PET-CT
However, more extensive and heavier shielding usually
is required in facilities that use 18F versus those that do
not
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Other Considerations
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Areas of Concern
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X
Defects:
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5.3 Shielding
Shielding
Barrier thickness
incident
radiation
transmitted
radiation
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Definitions
Dose rate constant
The dose rate (Sv/h) at 1 m from a point source of
activity = 1 MBq
TVL
Tenth value layer, which is the thickness of a
material that reduces the number of incident
photons by a factor of 10.
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18
Dos. 1998)
TVL 150 mm concrete (2350 kg/m3)
TVL 176 mm solid concrete blocks
(2000kg/m3)
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Structual Shielding
The absorbed dose is determined by
factors such as:
source strength
length of exposure
distance from the source
transmission through the protective barrier
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Comments
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CT Scatter Plot
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Room Shielding
CT unit needs
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Building Requirements
Category
of hazard
Structural shielding
Floors
Worktop surfaces
walls, ceiling
Low
no
cleanable
cleanable
Medium
no
continuous
sheet
cleanable
High
possibly
continuous cleanable
one sheet
folded to
walls
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Floors
Impervious material
Washable
Chemical-resistant
Curved to the walls
All joints sealed
Glued to the floor
NOTE: No carpet!
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Worktop Surfaces
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Worktop Surfaces
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Sinks
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Washing Facilities
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Patient Toilet
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Patient Toilet
The facilities should:
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Rest Room
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Dispensing Area
Be finished in materials
that are easily
decontaminated
Be tidy!
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Emergency Facilities
An emergency eye
wash should be
installed near the
hand-washing sink
There should be
access to an
emergency shower in
or near the dose
preparation area
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