The Elements of Teaching and

Learning
Eddelyn D. Gupeteo
Principles of Teaching

The Learner
Every Child is a potential genius
The learner is an embodied spirit
A union of a sentient body and a rational

soul

BODY
Sensations
Feels pleasure and pain
SOUL
Principle of spiritual acts
Source of intellectual abstraction, selfreflection & free rational volition
Body & soul exist in mutual dependence
(Kelly, 1965)

Fundamental Equipment of the

Learner
COGNITIVE
Five senses
Instinct
Imagination- form representations of material
object
Memory retain, recall & recognize past

mental acts
Intellect- form concepts or ideas, makes

judgment and reason out

APPETITIVE
Feelings
Emotions
Rational will guiding force & the main
integrating force in the learners character

Five distinguishing elements

Ability-dictates the prospects of success in

any purposeful activity

Aptitude innate talent or gift
Interests
Family and cultural background
Attitude perspective and disposition
These five elements make learners different
from one another.

Gardners Multiple Intelligence

Theory
Concept of learners intelligence has gone
beyond linguistic and mathematical
intelligence
Intelligences as dispositions

Benefits of using Multiple

Curriculum--Traditional schooling heavily
Intelligences Theory
favors the verbal-linguistic and logicalmathematical intelligences. Gardner
suggests a more balanced curriculum that
incorporates the arts, self-awareness,
communication, and physical education.

Instruction-- Gardner advocates

instructional methods that appeal to all the

intelligences, including role playing, musical
performance, cooperative learning, reflection,
visualization, story telling, and soon.
Assessment-- This theory calls for
assessment methods that take into account
the diversity of intelligences, as well as selfassessment tools that help students
understand their intelligences.

Style as Dispositions
Sensing-Feeling
Intuitive- Thinking
Intuitive-Feeling
Sensing-Feeling

Mastery
Understanding
Self-expressive
Interpersonal

Guide questions for

discussions

1. Are the body and spirit independent of

each other?
2. Do imperfections in the functioning of the
sense organs affect learning? Why? Why
not?
3. Can there be learning without feelings or
emotions involved?
4. Do you believe that every child is a
potential genius?

The professional teacher

Is the licensed professional who possesses

dignity and reputation with high moral

values as well as technical and professional
competence..s/he adheres to observes,
and practices a set of ethical and moral
principles, standards and values (code of
ethics of professional teachers, 1997)

Professional attributes
Can effect change or learning (sense of

efficacy)
Expert on what s/he teaches (subject
matter knowledge)
How s/he teaches (pedagogical knowledge)

Professional attributes
Control of the knowledge base of teaching

and learning
Repertoire of best teaching practice
Disposition and skills to approach all
aspects of his/her work in reflective,
collegial, and problem-solving manner
View of learning to teach as a lifelong
process

Personal attributes
Passion
Humor
Values and attitudes
Patience
Enthusiasm

activity
Think for a moment about your favorite

teacher. Make a mental list of what made

the teacher so special that years after
leaving elementary, high school, or college,
you can still remember the teachers name.

The Learning Environment

Is the place where teaching and learning can
take place in the most effective and
productive manner
Arrangement of furniture
Physical condition of the classroom
Classroom proceedings
interactions

Facilitative learning environment

Pine and Horne, 1990
Which encourages people to be active
Which promotes the individuals discovery

of the personal meaning of idea

Which emphasizes the uniquely personal
and subjective nature of learning in which
difference is good and desirable
Which consistently recognizes peoples
right to make mostakes

Facilitative learning environment

Pine and Horne, 1990
Which tolerates ambiguity
In which evaluation is cooperative process

with emphasis on self-evaluation

Which encourages openness of self rather
than concealment of self
In which people are encouraged to trust in
themselves as well as in external sources
In which people feel they are respected
In which people feel they are accepted

Based on the principles of learning, do

metaphorical thinking by completing this
statement:

Learning is
like_______________

Reference
Corpuz, B. 2007. Principles of Teaching.
Lorimar Publishing, Inc., Quezon City