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INTAKE STRUCTURES

GROUP-I
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PROCESS OF WATER TREATMENT

WHAT IS INTAKE STRUCTURE?


An intake is a structure which
is

constructed

across

the

surface of water so as to
permit

the

withdrawal

water from the source.

of

WHAT IS INTAKE STRUCTURE?


The structure may be of stone masonry ,
brick masonry ,rcc or concrete blocks.
It should be constructed water tight and
it should be designed for all forces likely
to come upon it including pressure due
to wave action ,wind ,floating debris,
etc.

LOCATION CRITERIA
Controlling Device
Cost
Navigation Channels
Permanency of supply
Quality of water
Situation

DESIGN CRITERIA
Factor of safety
Foundations
Protection of sides
Screens or Strainers
Self weight
Size and number of inlet

River
Type of Source
Canal
Portable
Reservoir
Types of Intake
Structures

Position of
Intake

Submerged
Exposed
Wet

Presence of
water in Tower

Dry

TYPE OF SOURCE-RIVER INTAKE


An approach channel is constructed to lead the
water from upstream side of the river to the jack
well.
The penstocks at different levels and suction pipe
with strainer at its lower end is provided.
Water from the jack well is pumped and sent to
treatment plant
A valve is provided on the rising main to prevent
backflow of water due to gravity
Ladder or steps are provided to reach up to the
bottom of intake from floor to pump room

TYPE OF SOURCE-RESERVOIR INTAKE


Also known as lake intakes, this has an intake well
placed near a dam, connected to the top of dam by
a foot bridge
Intake pipes are located at different levels with a
common vertical pipe
Each intake pipe is provided with a bell-mouth
entry with perforations of fine screen on its surface
The outlet pipe is taken out through the body of
dam
When the valve is opened, water is drawn off from
reservoir to the outlet pipe through the common

TYPE OF SOURCE-CANAL INTAKE


An intake chamber is created in the canal section
which results in the reduction of waterway which
increases the velocity of flow
The entry of water is taken through coarse screen
and the top of outlet is provided with fine screen
Inlet to outlet pipe is of bell-mouth shape with
perforations of fine screen on its surface
The flow of velocity through outlet pipe is usually
kept as 1.50 m/s which helps in determining the
area and diameter of the withdrawal conduit

TYPE OF SOURCE-PORTABLE INTAKE


These are used in case of emergencies such as
festivals, sites, wars, etc.
It consists of a truck fitted with a pumping plant
The truck is brought to the site and it is placed
in such a position that it becomes possible to
immerse the suction pipe of the pump
The end of suction pipe is kept just above the
bed level of water source and it is also provided
with screen or strainer

POSITION OF INTAKE-SUBMERGED INTAKE

POSITION OF INTAKE-SUBMERGED INTAKE


This intake draws water from below the surface of water body because of
presence of best quality of water at such depth. Examples: lakes and streams
The structure is raised and protected within a concrete/timber crib
A pipe is laid in the trench dug at the bottom of waterbody and covered with soft
earth and remaining is covered with gravel and stone
The pipes are fitted with water tight joints and has bell-mouth at its entry point
The bell mouth is covered with coarse screen and fine screens as well

POSITION OF INTAKE-EXPOSED INTAKE

POSITION OF INTAKE-EXPOSED INTAKE


A small concrete structure is situated near the bank of a river/lake
Water spills from the river/canal/ditch when a sliding gate/stop log is
removed. This water is then sent to the treatment plant
Disadvantages
The quality of water is not good as the water drawn from larger waterbody
depth
Temperature of water might be high during summer
Elevation of water in lake/stream may vary substantially

PRESENCE OF WATER IN TOWER-DRY INTAKE


In this type of intake tower, there is no
water inside the tower when its gates
are closed.
They permit withdrawal from any
selected level of the reservoir by
opening port at that level.
The water is directly drawn into the
outlet pipe through the gate controlled

PRESENCE OF WATER IN TOWER-WET INTAKE


It consists of a concrete circular shell
filled with water up to the reservoir level
and has a vertical shaft inside which is
connected to the outlet pipe.
The openings are made into the outer
concrete shell as well as into the inside
shaft.
The gates are usually placed on the
shadt so as to control the flow of water
into the shaft and the outlet pipe.
Thus, water enters from the open entry
ports into the tower and it then enters
into the outlet pipe through separate
gate controlled entry ports.

CASE STUDY-ROURKELA WATER INTAKE


COMPLEX

INFORMATION COLLECTED
Location- 2 km away from the RSP water treatment plant
3 Wet intake towers
2 functional towers
1 standby tower

Total installation capacity-36MGD


Total raw water supply to the treatment plant-18MGD
Capacity of tower 1-24MGD
Capacity of tower 2 and 3-6MGD

4 pumping motors in Tower 1 of 350 kW motor capacity

THANK YOU!

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