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Chapter 6
The Periodic Table
6.1 Organizing the Elements
6.2 Classifying the Elements
6.3 Periodic Trends
Organizing Principle
Organizing Principle
Organizing Principle
Organizing Principle
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Metals
The number of yellow squares in the table
shows that most elements are metals
about 80%.
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Metals
Metals are generally good conductors of
heat and electric current.
Copper is second only
to silver as a
conductor of electric
current.
The copper used in
electrical cables must
be 99.99 percent pure.
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Metals
A freshly cleaned or cut surface of a
metal will have a high luster, or sheen.
The sheen is caused by the metals
ability to reflect light.
All metals are solids at room
temperature, except for mercury (Hg).
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Metals
Many metals are
ductile, meaning
that they can be
drawn into wires.
Nonmetals
Blue is used to identify the nonmetals.
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Nonmetals
There is a greater variation in physical
properties among nonmetals than among
metals.
Most nonmetals are gases at room
temperature, including the main components
of airnitrogen and oxygen.
A few are solids, such as sulfur and
phosphorus.
One nonmetal, bromine, is a dark-red liquid.
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Nonmetals
The variation among nonmetals makes it
difficult to describe one set of general properties
that will apply to all nonmetals.
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A diamond, which is
composed of carbon,
is very hard.
Nonmetals
Nonmetals tend to have properties that
are opposite to those of metals.
In general, nonmetals are poor conductors
of heat and electric current. Carbon, in the
form of graphite, is an exception to this rule.
Solid nonmetals tend to be brittle, meaning
that they will shatter if hit with a hammer.
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Metalloids
Most of the
elements that
border this
line are
shaded green.
These
elements are
metalloids.
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Metalloids
A metalloid generally has properties that
are similar to those of metals and
nonmetals.
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Metalloids
Under some conditions, metalloids may
behave like metals. Under other conditions,
they may behave like nonmetals.
The behavior can often be controlled by
changing the conditions.
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Metalloids
Like most nonmetals, pure silicon is a poor
conductor of electric current. However, if a small
amount of boron is mixed with the silicon, the
mixture is a good conductor of electric current.
Silicon is also
present as the
compound
silicon dioxide
in glass items.
Silicon can be cut into wafers and
used to make computer chips.
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BIG IDEA
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END OF 6.1
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