USING CROWDSOURCING TO

PROVIDE QOS FOR MOBILE

CLOUD
COMPUTING

Prologue
Next Generation of Mobile Apps
Sensory Based Applications

Location Based
Services (LBS)
Mobile Music: 52.5%
Mobile Video:25.2%
Mobile Gaming: 19.3%

Augmented Reality
Mobile Social
Networks and
Crowdsourcing
Multimedia and
Data Streaming

 Cloud computing is a style of computing

where massively scalable and elastic ITrelated capabilities are provided as a service
to external customers using Internet
technologies.
Mobile cloud computing simply refers to an
infrastructure where both the data storage and
the data processing could happen outside of the
Mobile Cloud
Computing
mobile device mainly
on cloud.
Cloud
Computing
Mobile Computing

PROJECT OBJECTIVES (BIG

PICTURE)
Computation
/Storage as a
Service:
ex: computation,
Storage, Platform,..

Network as a
Service:
ex: Wireless
connectivity
(Wi-Fi, 3G/4G,
Bluetooth,)

Context as a Service:

Optimal service allocation

based on mobile users or providers
criteria

ex: Mobility patterns,

Service Usage in different
location and time,
Group-Aware, Social
Context,

Related Work
Framework

Description

Theory
ISLPED2012:

Analytical framework based on

game theory for energy
saving. WiFi connection.

Theory
InfoCom 2012:

Analytical framework based on

convex optimization for
reducing energy and execution
time.

CloneCloud
Eurosys2011:

Objective: Energy saving,

Reduction in execution time ,
Virtualization Framework
using Wi-Fi and 3G
-Not scalable due to cloning,
they only considered local
cloud, Mobility issue on
performance.

MAUI
MobiSys2010:

Objective: Energy saving,

Reduction in execution time,
Virtualization framework
using Wi-Fi and 3G

MobiCloud
SOSE2010:

Objective: Energy saving and

price, Virtualization
Framework using Wi-Fi and 3G

Cloudlet
PerCom2009:

Objective: Reduction in
execution time,
Virtualization framework
using Wi-Fi

Framework

Description

Cuckoo
MobiCase 2010:

Objective: Energy saving,

Reduction in execution
time , Client/Server Wi-Fi ,
3G and Bluetooth

Calling The Cloud

Middleware2009:

Objective: Reduction in
execution time, code size
and proxy cost
Client/Server Framework
using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
-any scalability studies,
energy issues, public and
local cloud modeling,
mobility affect on
performance.

Chroma
MobiSys2003:

Objective: Reduction in
execution time ClientServer using Wi-Fi.

Mobility issues,
Different Cloud Types
(public/local),
Public Cloud Important criteria like
price,
Scalability Study.

PROJECT
CONTRIBUTIONS:
2-Tier Cloud architecture as the cloud
computing platform.
Location-time workflow as the modeling
framework for mobile applications in
mobile cloud computing.
Different heuristics to solve optimal service
allocation in mobile cloud computing.
MAPCloud as a QoS-middleware for service
allocation in mobile cloud computing.
Scalable version of service allocation
algorithm in mobile cloud computing.
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2-Tier Cloud
Architecture

What is Cloud Computing?

A style of computing where massively scalable
and elastic IT-related capabilities are provided as
a service to external customers using Internet
technologies (Computing as a Utility).
3 different services could be considered as:
Software as a Service (SaaS):

Platform as a Service (PaaS):

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

 There are two different approaches to use

remote resources for mobile applications:
First Approach: Connect to Public Cloud for resource
intensive tasks!
Long WAN delay

[Satyanarayanan_2011] , [Cavilla_2007]:
unlikely to be improved while the prime target of WAN improvement
is security, management.

Second Approach: Connect to Local Clouds (Local

proxies, Cloudlets) in proximity of the users for
resource intensive tasks, [Clone Cloud], [MAUI], [PARM].
LAN delay is always order of magnitude better that WAN
delay [Satyanarayanan_2011] .
Near user resources could not scale up well.

Tier 1: Public Cloud

(+) Scalable and Elastic
(-) Price, Delay

Tier 2: Local
Cloud
3G Access
Point

(+) Low Delay, Low

Power,
Almost Free
(-) Not Scalable and
Elastic

Wi-Fi Access
Point

RTT:
~80ms

10

RTT:
~290ms

Due to different characteristics of local and

public cloud services, service allocation
for mobile users/group of users on this 2Tier cloud is a hard task (we will show it
is NP-Hard!).
In this Project we investigate how to
optimally assign services for mobile user/
group of users on this 2-Tier cloud
architecture considering power consumed
on mobile device, delay that user
experienced and price as the main criteria
for optimization.
We need a formal framework to model
mobile users, different cloud services,

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Service Oriented Computing (SOC) provides

strong formal framework for defining the
concepts of Services, Workflow, QoS for
generic applications.
We will use and extend these concepts to
mobile cloud computing in the next section.
More precisely we will:

Formally define cloud and service concepts,

Mobile users and its related properties,
Mobile group concept to define group-ware application.

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QUALITY OF SERVICE
(QOS)
The QoS could be defined in two
different Levels:
Atomic service level
Composite service level or workflow level.

Atomic service level could be defined as:

.power consumed on cellphone when he is in l using

price of executing for when he is in l
.delay of executing for when he is in l

M. Reza. Rahimi, Nalini Venkatasubramanian, Athanasios Vasilakos, "MuSIC: On Mobility-Aware

Optimal Service Allocation in Mobile Cloud Computing", In the IEEE Cloud 2013.
M. Reza. Rahimi, Nalini Venkatasubramanian, Sharad Mehrotra and Athanasios Vasilakos,
"MapCloud: Mobile Applications on an Elastic and Scalable 2-Tier Cloud Architecture",In the
5th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing , USA, Nov 2012.

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SUMMARY
We define location-time workflow for
modeling mobile applications in pervasive
environment.
We define QoS for LTW and how to do the
normalization.
The normalized power, price and delay is the
real number in interval [0,1].
The higher the normalized QoS the better
the execution plan is.
We need to answer the following two
questions:
For single mobile users: Knowing the Mobile user LTW;
what is the optimal service allocation considering price, 14
power and delay?

 For mobile groups what is the optimal service allocation

when they have shared services (such a shared storage)
considering price, power and delay?

These questions have missing parts which

are Utility Functions.
Many has been defined in the operational
Project literature, we use the Fairness
Utility for our problem.

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Mobility-Aware Service
Allocation Algorithms
on Cloud

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Brute-Force
Search (BFS)
Simulated
Annealing Based
Service Allocation Algorithms for
Single Mobile User and
Mobile Group-Ware
Applications

Genetic Based
Greedy Based
Random Service
Allocation (RSA)

We start with our main one, which we call it MuSIC:

Mobility Aware Service AllocatIon on Cloud.
Its core is based-on simulated annealing approach.
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MOBILE CROWDSOURCING
The mobile users may have some issues such as conges- tion
due to the limitation of wireless bandwidths, network
disconnection, and the signal attenuation caused by mobile
users mobility. To continue using cloud services, we need to
reconfigure the system settings by hand for different mobile
environments. Furthermore, lack of providers information
is also a shortcoming to choose suitable cloud service.
Context-awareness is an excellent solution to sense mobile
environments

and

intelligently

choose

the

best

cloud

service.

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ARCHITECTURE

19

CONCLUTION
In this Project, we briefly introduced crowdsourcing based QoS
adaptor (CQA), and its key components and QoS control
structures. It can be applied to mobile cloud computing
environments in order to provide QoS management for cloud
service. We presented the system design, together with its
implementation. The context parameters associated with
the concept are also discussed.

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