CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL- GLASS

CHAULA TRIVEDI
M-ARCH FIRST YEAR
CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

CONTENTS
HISTORY OF GLASS
NATURAL OCCURANCE
FORMATION
GLASS AS A STURCTURAL BUILDING MATERIAL
PROPERTIES
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT AND COMPARATIVE CHART
NET CASE STUDY
BIBLIOGRAPHY

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

Natural Occurance of Glass

Obsidian-a volcanic rock that is transparent and translucent
When light passes through it nothing can be seen through.
This glass was used was utilized by the people of Stone Age for making
Arrowheads, razors, knives. Beads were also cast from the solid blocks
of obsidian.

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

ANUFACTURE OF GLASS

ditionally glass was made by blowing liquid glass

rived by melting sand calcium oxide and sodium
rbonate to extremely high temperatures
d the cooling the liquid to the desired shape.
nce a few thousand years the recipe to make glass
s been the same. Its just that its properties can be
hanced by adding certain admixtures to the raw materials
by providing suitable coating to meet different needs.

ear Sand+ CaO+ NaCO3+ Admixtures = Homogenous mixture

mogenous mixture floated on molten tin to give desired thickness

ealation Process

TONNE OF GLASS PRODUCES 4 GIGAJOULES OF ENERGY

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS

DENSITY OF GLASS: 2.5 Kg/m3
COMPRESSIVE STRNGTH : 1000 N/mm2
The resistance tobreakage on deflection is in the
order of:
- 40 MPa (N/mm2) for annealed glass
- 120 to 200 MPa for toughened glass
(depending on thickness, edgework,holes, notches
etc).

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

Overhang M factors for 4 PF

Project
Orient 0.25
0.50
0.76
Locatio
ation 0.49
0.75
0.99
n
North
latitud
e 15*
North 0.88
0.8
0.76
or
Greate
r
East/W

0.79
0.65
0.56
est

South 0.79
0.64
0.52
North
latitud
e less North 0.83
0.74
0.69
than
15
East/W

0.8
0.67
0.59
est

South 0.78 0.62

0.55

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

1.00 +

Side fins M factors for 4 PF

0.250 0.500 0.76
.49
.75
0.99

1.00 +

Over hang + Side Fins M factors

for 4 PF
0.250 0.50
.49
0.75

0.76
0.99

1.00 +

0.73

0.74

0.67

0.58

0.52

0.64

0.51

0.39

0.31

0.5

0.8

0.72

0.65

0.6

0.6

0.39

0.24

0.16

0.43

0.79

0.69

0.6

0.56

0.6

0.33

0.1

0.02

0.66

0.73

0.65

0.57

0.5

0.59

0.44

0.32

0.23

0.53

0.8

0.72

0.63

0.58

0.61

0.41

0.26

0.16

0.5

0.74

0.65

0.57

0.5

0.53

0.3

0.12

0.04

Table 1.2: Vertical Fenestration U-Factor (W/ m2K), SHGC requirements and Minimum VLT
requirements
Window Wall Ratio (WWR)

Composite / Hot & Dry /

Warm & Humid
Maximum Light
Transmission (%)
Maximum Solar Factor /
SHGC
Maximum U
Moderate
Maximum Light
Transmission (%)
Maximum Solar Factor /
SHGC
Maximum U-value
(W/SqmK)
Cold
Maximum Light
Transmission (%)
Maximum Solar Factor /
SHGC
Maximum U-value
(W/SqmK)

0 ~ 30%

31% ~ 40%

41% ~ 50%

51% ~ 60%

27

20

16

13

0.25

0.25

0.20

0.20

3.3
0 ~ 30%

3.3
3.3
Window Wall Ratio (WWR)
31% ~ 40%
41% ~ 50%

3.3
51% ~ 60%

27

20

16

13

0.4

0.4

0.30

0.30

6.9

6.9

6.9

6.9

0 ~ 30%

Window Wall Ratio (WWR)

31% ~ 40%
41% ~ 50%

51% ~ 60%

27

20

16

13

0.51

0.51

0.51

0.51

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

Normal (Annealed) Glass

flat glass irrespective of the process of manufacture.
Float glass has a perfectly flat, brilliant surface,
The properties of normal glass are:
High light transmission
Optical clarity
Can be processed to produce other glass
types such as tempered, laminated and insulating.
Density (approximate) : 2.42 2.52 g/cm3
Tensile strength : 40 N/ sq. mm
Compressive strength : 1000 N/ sq. mm
Modulus of elasticity : 70 GPa
Coefficient of linear expansion : 9 x10 -6 m / mK
Available thickness : 2 mm - 19 mm
Normally available sizes up to : 2440 mm x 3660 mm
Colour : Clear, Grey, Bronze, Green, Blue and Pink.
U value : 5.7 W/sq m K for 12mm thick to 6.4 W/sq. m. K for 19mm thick.
UV transmittance : 06% for gray 12 mm thick to 80% for clear 2 mm thick
Shading co-efficient : 0.5 for 12mm thick gray to 1.0 2mm thick clear
Visible light transmittance : 20% for gray 12 mm thick to 90% for 2 mm thick clear .
CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

Types of Annealed Glass

Clear Glass
Tinted Glass
Wired Glass
Extra Clear Glass
Ceramic Printed Glass
Laminated Glass

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

Low-e coating glass have been developed to

minimize the amount of ultraviolet and infrared
light that can pass through glass without
compromising the amount of visible light that is
transmitted.

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

Solar Control Glass

High Performance Glass

Reflects and radiates a major part of sunlight
Allowing the infiltration of daylight
Incorporates invisible layers of special materials
on the glass which have the dual effect of
Allowing sunlight in, while repelling solar heat.

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

IMPACT OF GLASS ON ENVIRONMENT

COMPARISON WITH OTHER MATERIALS

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Does not obstruct a view or visually interrupt a

Glass has the most embodied energy.
room.
Hence when glass gets heated up, the
Carries two times the tension load (Maloney 30).
interiors as well as the exteriors get
In actuality, glass is very strong and versatile.
extremely heated up.
A crack travels through glass at about 5040 feet Hence the use of glass facades in India
per second, which is one-third the speed of
contribute to global warming.
sound through glass.
Glass can be easily mended into the different
forms like
Burj Al Arab, The Beijing Swimming pool etc.
Glass is the most recycled material, the eye
museum.

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIAL