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FAB38404
Process Control
Lecture 5
Control Strategy & Tuning Methods
Reference :
Chemical Process Control, An Introduction to Theory And Practice, G. Stephanopoulos
Chapter 1
Objectives
Upon completion of this topics, you are expected to be able to:
Describe basic process control theory
Describe the function and applications of various PID controllers
Describe how pneumatic controller work
Describe how electronic single loop controllers works
Set up and maintain pneumatic controllers
Apply the appropriate equations and perform closed-loop tuning
Perform visual loop tuning
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Introduction
o
o
o
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Modulating Control
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Continuous-Mode Controllers
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Continuous-Mode Controllers
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Continuous-Mode Controllers
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Note that the direction of the slope of the proportional gain (the
positive or negative response of the control variable to a change in
FAB38404 Process
Control
Universiti
Lumpur Malaysia
France Institute is direct acting Page
the error)
depends
on Kuala
whether
the controller
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Example
Graph the transfer function for a proportional controller with a
proportional band of 60% over a process variable range of 50F to
150F. The proportional band is centered around a set point of 90F at
a 50% controller output.
Solution:
In this system, the set point (90F) is not at the center of the total
process variable range.
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Example
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Example
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where:
dCV/dt = the rate of change in controller output in %
over seconds
KI = the integral gain in % of the controller output per
sec. per % error
E = the error in %
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Gain curves for (a) direct and (b) reverse-acting series PI controller
FAB38404 Process Control
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When the system is in manual mode, the PID controller tracks the
manual controllers output, so that when the transfer from manual
to automatic occurs, both controller outputs are the same.
A similar operation takes place during an automatic to manual
transfer.
During a manual-to-automatic transfer in a PLC system, the PID
interface processor may also set the set point equal to the process
variable. This forces the system error (SP-PV) to zero, ensuring that
a bump does not occur during the transfer.
After the transfer, the PID processor returns the set point to its
original value.
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Cascade Control
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Cascade Control
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Cascade Control
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Example
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