Paralanguage and cross culture

Group 03

JyotinMoy - PGP/19/262
Kapil
PGP/19/263
Kaustabh - PGP/19/264
Kavya
- PGP/19/265
Kunal
- PGP/19/266
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Impact of paralanguage on cross cultural

Communication
Paralanguage is the non verbal aspect of communication used to express emotions. Different
cultures make use of paralanguage differently to make their communication more effective.
It is broadly categorized into the following:
1). Pitch and Volume variation
2). Speaking Speed
3). Pause
4). Word stress
5). Non Fluencies
6). Tone

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Speaking Speed
Rate at which an individual speaks creates perceptions
People from different culture value time differently. Two types of chronic culture are there:
1. Monochronic culture: Keep the track of time very stringently. Mostly talk about

2.

Saving time, Wasting time, Making time, Spending time

Measures time in nanoseconds

People from westernized countries like Germany, USA

Expects rewards ASAP

Polychronic Culture: Values time as available in abundance and will never end.

Long term thinking for about generations and even centuries

Promptness diminishes in value

People are patient, less interested in time management like from Spain, Asian countries

More wiling to wait for rewards as compared to the people from monochronic culture

But with the increasing demand of globalization, organizational culture will dominate all the
culture existing in the world..
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Tone
Tone is a characteristic mode of sounding words in a speech. An accent peculiar to a
person, people, locality etc
For example: During the diplomatic talks between Russia and US;
Russians spoke English with Russian-style sentence tones applied to English. Russian style
English sounds hostile and angry to the English speakers of US. This lead to a prolonged war
situation and bilateral tensions.

Pause
Internal pause, External pause and Terminal pause.
Native and non native language determine the increased or decreased pauses and speed of
talking.
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Pitch Variation
How high or low a sound is ?
It is necessary to catch the listener attention &keep them interested in.
Those who speak in monotone fail to keep listeners' attention & keep
them interested in .
That is why the word monotonous has come to be used as a synonyms
for boring.
Many speakers are not aware of this weakness while speaking

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Non fluencies
Lack of fluency in speech can also be due to:
Stuttering : An interruption in rhythm of speech like Prolongation of sounds eg: st-st-stutter
Stammering : Stuck straight after the first bit of the word like (" St...AMmer )
Liaison : When two words are spoken at speed and the running together or liaison of these two
words produces a new sound.
Fillers : When meaningless word is inserted into speech from habit or thinking time, e.g. 'right'
False Start : When the speaker begins an utterance then self corrects and rephrases.
In many cases, higher levels of education has been related to higher performance in Fluency.
Most of the stammerers that their frequency of stammering varies from language to language.
The basic problem is not the language, but the stuttering mind set or in broader term, the lack of
ability to stay in present moment.
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Word Stress
Definition : The stress pattern or patterns associated with the words of a particular language when they are considered in
isolation.
Mistakes in word stress can cause misunderstanding:
Stressing the wrong syllable in a word can make the word very difficult to hear and understand:

ho-ttle and bo-ttle

Stressing a word differently can change the meaning or type of the word:

de-setr and de-sert

Can leave the listener irritated, amused or disinterested.

Five components:

Longer
Louder
Variations in pitch
More clear
Large facial movements
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Thankyou

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