Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2005
Objectives
Learning Objective
- To understand the topic on Normal Distribution and
its importance in different disciplines.
Performance Objectives
At the end of this lecture the student will be able to:
Draw normal distribution curves and calculate the
standard score (z score)
Apply the basic knowledge of normal distribution to
solve problems.
Interpret the results of the problems.
Types of Distribution
Frequency Distribution
Normal (Gaussian) Distribution
Probability Distribution
Poisson Distribution
Binomial Distribution
Sampling Distribution
t distribution
F distribution
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD,
MPH
probability distribution
Symmetric
The mean ( ) = 0
and
Standard deviation () =1
X-
places.
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD,
MPH
Tables
Areas under the standard normal curve
2.2%
0.15
-3
-2
-1
Distinguishing Features
The mean 1 standard deviation
Skewness
Positive Skewness:
Mean Median
Negative Skewness:
Median Mean
= 3 (Mean Median)
Standard deviation
Exercises
Assuming the normal heart rate (H.R) in
Exercise # 1
Then:
1) What area under the curve is above 80
beats/min?
Diagram of Exercise # 1
33.35%
13.6%
2.2%
0.159
-2 from-1examples in Dawson-Saunders,
1
2 B&
The exercises -3
are modified
Trapp, RG. Basic and Clinical Biostatistics, 2nd edition, 1994.
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD,
MPH
0.15
Exercise # 2
Then:
2) What area of the curve is above 90
beats/min?
Diagram of Exercise # 2
33.35%
13.6%
2.2%
0.15
0.023
-3
-2
-1
Exercise # 3
Then:
3) What area of the curve is between
50-90 beats/min?
Diagram of Exercise # 3
33.35%
13.6%
2.2%
0.954
0.15
-2 are modified
-1
examples1 in Dawson-Saunders,
2
3 B&
The-3
exercises
from
Trapp, RG. Basic and Clinical Biostatistics, 2nd edition, 1994.
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD,
MPH
Exercise # 4
Then:
4) What area of the curve is above 100
beats/min?
Diagram of Exercise # 4
33.35%
13.6%
2.2%
0.15
0.015
-3
-2
-1
Exercise # 5
Diagram of Exercise # 5
33.35%
13.6%
2.2%
0.15
0.015
0.015
-3
-2
-1
Solution/Answers
1) 15.9% or 0.159
2) 2.3% or 0.023
3) 95.4% or 0.954
The exercises are modified from examples in Dawson-Saunders, B &
Trapp, RG. Basic and Clinical Biostatistics, 2nd edition, 1994.
Solution/Answers Contd
4) 0.15 % or 0.015
5) 0.3 % or 0.015 (for each tail)
References/Further Reading
1) Dawson-Saunders, B & Trapp, RG. Basic and
Clinical Biostatistics, 2nd edition, 1994.
2) Last, J. A Dictionary of Epidemiology. 3rd
edition,1995.
3) Wisniewski, M. Quantitative Methods For
Decision Makers, 3rd edition, 2002.
4) Pidd, M. Tools For Thinking. Modelling in
Management Science. 2nd edition, 2003.
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD,
MPH