DATUM AND GEODETIC

COORDINATE SYSTEM
GEODESY DCG 506
PUAN YEE WUI CHEE
NAME

MATRIC NO

MURSYIDAH BINTI MUSTAPA

14DGU14F2004

PUWANESWARY SUBRAMANIAM

14DGU14F2017

AQILAH AUNI BINTI AZMAN

14DGU14F2009

MUHAMMAD NAJIB BIN KASHIM

14DGU14F2018

MUHAMMAD HAMDI BIN ABDUL KADIR

14DGU14F2003

Introduction
Insurveyingand geodesy, adatumis a reference
system of the Earth's surface against which
positional measurements are made for computing
locations.
Geodesists and surveyors use datums to create
starting or reference points for floodplain
maps, property boundaries, construction
surveys or other work requiring accurate
coordinates that are consistent with one another.

Use of Datum
Datums are used ingeodesy,navigation, and
surveyingbycartographersand
satellite navigation systemsto translate positions
indicated onmaps(paper or digital) to their real
position onEarth.
Each starts with anellipsoid(stretched sphere),
and then defines latitude,longitudeandaltitude
coordinates.
One or more locations on the Earth's surface is
chosen as an anchor "base-point".

Horizontal Datum
Horizontal datums are used for describing a point on
the Earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another
coordinate system.
There are hundreds of local horizontal datums around
the world, usually referenced to some convenient local
reference point.
TheWGS 84datum, which is almost identical to the
NAD83datum used in North America and theETRS89
datum used in Europe, is a common standard datum.

Vertical Datum
A vertical datum is used as a reference point for
elevationsof surfaces and features on the Earth
including terrain, bathymetry, water levels, and manmade structures.
Vertical datums are used to measure land
elevations and water heights or depths.
For the purpose of measuring the height of objects on
land, the usual datum used ismean sea level (MSL).

Reference
Datums

A constant surface used to describe the location of unknown points on the

Earth.
Reference datums can have different radius & different center points.
There are hundreds of locally developed reference datums around the world,
usually referenced to some convenient local reference point.
WGS 84 is theWorld Geodetic Systemof 1984.
WGS 84 is used by US Department of Defense for all its mapping, charting,
surveying, and navigation needs, including itsGPS"broadcast" and "precise"
orbits.
The WGS 84 datum, within two meters of the NAD83 datum used in North
America, is the only world referencing system in place today.
WGS 84 is the default standard datum for coordinates stored in recreational and
commercial GPS units.
Users of GPS must always check the datum of the maps they are using.

 1998 & 2001 JUPEM has developed a network of

Malaysia Active GPS System (MASS)
Malaysia Real-Time Kinematic GNSS Network
(MyRTKnet) between 2002 & 2008.
August 26, 2003, JUPEM has launched
Geocentric Datum of Malaysia (GDM2000),
the new geodetic reference datum uniform for
the work of surveying and mapping in
Malaysia.

WHAT IS GDM 2000 ?

WHY REOBSERVATION & GDM2009 ?
Earth centred coordinate Datum for Malaysia.
GDM2000 reference system has undergone a
significant shift, because large earthquakes in
Sumatra Indonesia, especially in 2004 & 2005.
This datum has been reviewed & recalculated to
produce GDM2000 (2009).