A

THESIS PROPOSAL
ON
VERTICAL
HANDOVER
PRESENTED
BY:
AND
KIRAN MAHARJAN
DECISION
ALGORITHM FOR HETEREGENEOUS
WIRELESS
NETWORKS
I.S.E,HIST
COLLEGE

SEP., 2016

Outline
1. Introduction
2. Problem Statement
3. Objectives
4. Rationale of the study
5. Literature Review
6. Methodology
7. Expected Output
8. Time Schedule
9. References

1.Introduction
The current wireless systems consist of heterogeneous networks such
as cellular, Wi-Fi, WiMAX and other emerging access technologies.
With the advancement of technology the demand of connectivity and
mobility is also increasing
When a mobile equipment moves away from a base station or access
point the signal level degrades and there is a need to switch to another
base station .
Handover works on three phases
information gathering phase,
decision phase and
execution phase.

A horizontal handover is made between two networks that use the

same technology and interface.
Vertical handover occurs when the mobile terminal moves between
two different networks of different technologies. A vertical
handover involves at least two different network interfaces.
In a heterogeneous wireless network, handover techniques are
designed to facilitate anywhere/anytime service continuity for
mobile users.
Consistent best-possible access to a network with widely varying
network characteristics requires seamless mobility management
techniques.

Handover decisions are triggered for continuous connectivity

of mobile terminals.
In order to maintain the required Quality of Service during the
handover process, decision algorithms should incorporate
intelligent techniques.

2. Problem statement
It is essential to offer an efficient handover mechanism to meet
different user requirements and maximize the resource utilization
of the network.
There are various metrics such as signal strength, bandwidth, bit
error rate, power consumption, and cost.
Due to different system characteristics, in vertical handover,
choice of efficient network should be made wisely in order to meet
the user expectation.

3.Objectives
Analysis of Quality of service in vertical handover between
WCDMA and WLAN.
Analysis of MADM (Multiple Attribute Decision Making) Decision
Algorithms for vertical handover (SAW and TOPSIS)
Comparison of different network environment for best Interface
selection in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

4. Rationale of study
There is no single wireless network technology that is capable of
simultaneously providing a low latency, high bandwidth, and wide
area data service to a large number of mobile users
There is benefit of lower cost and higher bandwidth in WLAN and
better mobility support and larger coverage in UMTS.
With the implementation of Vertical handover, mobile users will be
connected to the best available networks that suit their service
requirements and switch between different networks based on their
service needs.

5. Literature Review
WLAN
UMTS2
Handover
Horizontal vs Vertical Handover
Traditionally, the handover decision, especially in case of
horizontal handovers, is made purely according to radio
signal strength (RSS) thresholds and hysteresis values as
input parameters. However, these parameters are not able to
present the whole performance of the network

A decision for vertical handoff which consists in choosing the best

interface may depend on several parameters such as network
conditions, application types, power requirements, terminal
conditions, user preferences, security, cost and quality of service
parameters.
The interface selection challenge is to determine the most favorable
trade-off among all these metrics.
MADM(Multiple Attribute Decision Making)
The MADM is an algorithmic approach suitable to realize a
dynamic interface selection with multiple alternatives (interfaces)
and attributes (interface characteristics, user preferences, etc)

SAW(Simple Average Weight)

The SAW approach is probably the well-known method of
MADM. In the SAW approach, the overall score of an interface is
determined by the weighted sum of all attribute values. The score
of each interface (or alternative) is obtained by adding the
normalized contributions of each value multiplied by the assigned
importance weight.
TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal
Solution)
TOPSIS is an algorithm widely used for mobile terminal interface
selection using multiple attributes. The approach is based upon the
concept that the chosen alternative should have the relative
shortest distance to the ideal solution.

6. Methodology
Analysis of different wireless interfaces according to bandwidth,
cost , QoS, user preference etc.
Simulation of heterogeneous network environments with different
attributes such as cost, bandwidth, delay etc
Evaluate the environment with MADM method i.e. SAW and
TOPSIS

7. Expected Output
For the different attribute such as receive level, cost,
bandwidth, user preference etc ranking of different
alternatives for WLAN and UMTS will be made using
MADM (SAW and TOPSIS) algorithm

8. Time Schedule
S.No.

Task

Duration
(Weeks)

Literature Review

Research Methodology

10

Analysis and Discussion

Report Preparation

9. References
http://searchdl.org/public/conference/2014/ITC/71.pdf
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jcnc/2015/539750/
AhmedA.,BoulahiaL.M.andGaitiD.(2014).EnablingVerticalHandoverDecisions
in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: A State-of-the-Art and A Classication.
IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials.
Syed Amjad Iqbal, Muhammad AHMAD Lap Lambert Academic Publishing
GmbH KG, 2010. Performance Evaluation of Vertical Handover Between Umts
and Wlan.
Yan X., Sekercioglu Y. A. and Narayanan S. (2010). A Survey of Vertical
Handover Decision Algorithms in Fourth Generation Heterogeneous Wireless
Networks. Elsevier Computer Networks.
Paul Anthony Pangalos, University of London, 2004,Vertical
Handover,Techniques Over Heterogeneous Networks

THANK
YOU !