Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Presented by
R.Sanjeev Kumar
S.Buvaneswari
II Year Civil Engineering
KSR College of Engineering
Tiruchengode
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Currently, there are several design philosophies in
earthquake engineering, making use of experimental
results, computer simulations and observations from past
earthquakes to offer the required performance for the
seismic threat at the site of interest by equipping it with
base isolation or using structural vibration control
technologies to minimize any forces and
deformations
The former method is applied in most earthquake-resistant
structures, important facilities, landmarks and cultural
heritage buildings use the more advanced (and expensive)
techniques to survive strong shaking with minimal damage.
Examples of such applications are the Cathedral of our
Lady of the Angels and the Acropolis Museum.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
The major causes are the foundation weakness,
shrinkage cracks, material weakness and structural
weakness.
To avoid these damages we are going to discuss the
resistance techniques so that we can withstand the
earthquake and to reduce the casualities.
Techniques:
1. Base level isolation
2. shear walls
3.dampers
4.SIMCON and etc.,
Which are cost effective and more efficient.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Seismic vibration control :
It is a set of technical means aimed to mitigate seismic
impacts in building and non-building structures.
It is classified into three,
Passive control , Active control, Hybrid control.
When the seismic waves penetrate into a
superstructure there energy flow can be suppres
partially either by dissipate , disperse or absorb
the seismic energy.
This partial suppression of the seismic energy flow
is known as seismic orbase isolation.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Examples of seismic vibration control:
The first evidence of earthquake protection by
using the principle of base isolation was
discovered inPasargadae, a city in ancient
Persia(Iran), in 6th century B.C.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Dry stone wall control:
People of Inca civilizationwere masters of the
earthquake resistant structures without using
mortar.
They construct the dry stone walls, where blocks of
stones were cut to fit together tightly without anymortar.
The stones of the dry-stone walls built by the
Incas could move slightly and resettle without
the walls collapsing.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
This is the another example of dry stone wall.
A devastating earthquake in Gujarat a team of
Indian engineers have designed a house which it
is hoped will better withstand natural disasters.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Tuned mass damper:
It is also known as aharmonic absorber, is a
device mounted in structures to reduce the
amplitude of mechanicalvibrations.
Their application can prevent discomfort,
damage, or structural failure.
They are frequently used in power transmission,
automobiles, and buildings.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Typically, thedampers are huge concrete blocks or
steel bodies mounted inskyscrapersor other
structures, and moved in opposition to theresonance
frequencyoscillations of the structure by means
ofsprings, fluid or pendulums.
The sources of vibrations are wind ,earthquake and
etc.,
Theseismic waves caused by anearthquakewill
make buildings to oscillatein various ways depending
on the frequency and direction of ground motion and
the height and construction of the building.
A proper building design is performed engaging
various seismicvibration control technologies.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Base isolation:
It is also known asseismic base
isolationorbase isolation system.
Itis one of the most popular
means of protecting a structure
againstearthquakeforces.
It is a collection of structural elements which
should substantiallydecouple asuperstructure
from its substructure resting on a shaking
ground thus protecting abuilding ornonbuilding structure's integrity.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Base isolation is also used on a smaller scale sometimes down to a single room in a building.
Isolated raised-floor systems are used to
safeguard essential equipment against
earthquakes. The technique has been
incorporated to protect statues and other works
of art.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Lead Rubber Bearing:
LRB is a type ofbase isolationemploying a
heavy damping.
The bearing is made of rubber with a lead core.
The base isolated structures, with a relatively
low bearing stiffness but with a high damping,
the so-called "damping force" may turn out the
main pushing force at a strong earthquake.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Springs-with-damper base isolator:
It is abase isolationdevice conceptually similar
toLead Rubber Bearing.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Advantages:
Protects internal belongings & gives people a sense of
security.
They are built to allow the building to move with the
earthquake and not move against it and therefore the
building is not put under strain that can cause damage
and collapse.
The major advantage is the reduction in damage to
buildings and the deaths that are caused by them get
decreased.
Earthquake resistant buildings in third world countries
are made of light weight materials so that if they
collapse people stand a better chance of surviving than if
their house was built of concrete.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
Disadvantages:
Do not work with an earthquake that is large on
the Richter scale & costs a lot of money.
The cost of construction was costly.