Lec:19

21st Nov 2016

APPLIED CHEMISTRY
CHME-1012
Syed Hassan Shah
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical
Engineering

TODAYs LECTURE
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL
CHEMISTRY
IMPORTANT CHEMICALS IN PAKISTAN
-PRODUCTION
- USES

INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

Industrial Chemistry is the branch of

chemistry which applies physical and
chemical processes towards the
transformation of raw materials into
products that are of benefit to
humanity.

Introduction to Chemical Manufacturing

Primary Goal of Chemical

Manufacturing?

How does your company achieve

that
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Broad Range of Industries:

Agricultural
Products
Automotive
Coatings and
Adhesives
Consumer Products
Energy
Environmental
Remediation
Food Processing

Intermediate
Products
Petrochemical
Pharmaceutical /
Health Care
Polymer Processing
Pulp and Paper
Semiconductor
Industry
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INDUSTRIAL SECTORS
Entry-level titles for B.S. Mechanical
Engineers:
Chemical Engineer
Process Engineer
Product Specialist
Product Engineer
Project Engineer
Research Engineer
Production Engineer
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RESPONSIBILITIES
Job Responsibilities will include:
Provide service or product on a timely
basis
Manage supplier relationships
Manage customer relationships
Sufficient quality, consistently
Expand existing markets
Develop new products
Continuing education/professional
development
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What and how much do we want

to make?
Will this plant make only one product or
many products?
Examples sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide,
dyestuffs, perfumes

How much will we make?

10g, 10kgs or 10,000T

The answers to these questions will

determine how we will manufacture

Manufacturing processes
Batch process - A process that is not
in continuous or mass production;
operations are carried out with
discrete quantities of material or a
limited number of items (1T of X and
2T of Y)
Continuous process -Industrial
process that continuously receives
raw materials and processes them
through to completed units (1T/h of
X and 2T/h of Y)

Manufacture of Aspirin batch

process

Examples of Batch Processes

Pharmaceuticals
Agrochemicals
Dyestuffs
Food additives
Perfumes
Vitamins
Pigments

Advantages of Batch
Processes
Good for small amounts of speciality
chemicals
Make a range of products using same
equipment
Good for developing new products
Easier to scale up from lab scale
Generally cheaper set up costs

Disadvantages of Batch
Processing
Frequent start up and shutdown of
equipment
Cleaning time between batches
May be batch to batch variability
Not good for bulk chemical
production

Examples of Continuous
Processes

Sulphuric acid production

Sodium hydroxide production
Ammonia
Petrol
Chlorine
Methanol

Advantages of Continuous
Processing
Good for large volumes (bulk
chemicals)
Fewer start up and shutdowns
Potentially greater yields
Potentially easier to maintain quality
or spot out of specification product
sooner

Disadvantages of Continuous
Processing
Requires periodic shutdown of whole
plant for inspection and maintenance
May rely on critical pieces of
equipment which have the potential
to stop production on whole plant
Higher initial costs

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF
PAKISTAN
Chemical industry in Pakistan is
widespread,
and
a
close
approximation of investment in
chemical sectors ranges between Rs.
550 - 600 billion. The chemical
related imports constitute about 17%
of the total import bill. There are
three general classes of products in
this Sector:

CHEMICAL SECTORS
Basic chemicals both inorganic and organic
such as acids, alkalies, salts, ethylene,
propylene, benzene, toluene, xylene etc
Chemical products used in further
manufacturing i.e. intermediates such as
pure Terephthalic acid, phthalic anhydride
Finished chemical products for end use or
ultimate consumption; synthetic fibers i.e.
polyester, PVC, polyethylene,
polypropylene, polystyrene etc