KA30902 HYDRAULIC

Lecturer: Nazaruddin bin Abdul Taha /

Siti Jahara Matlan
Sesi: Sem 1 2016/2017

Syllabus of study
1.

Introduction of open channel

Introduction to different types of open channels & their geometric characteristics as basic information
for the design stage, geometric data from sources e.g. remote sensing & associated errors.

2.

Resistance in open channels, normal depth, channel efficiency, steady uniform flow &
resistance in steady non-uniform flow.

3.

Energy principles in open channels:

4.

specific energy, specific energy diagram, critical flow, discharge-depth relation & application of the
energy principle

Momentum principle in open channels:

momentum function, the momentum function equation diagram, hydraulic jump and its geometry,
energy losses in hydraulic jump, different types of hydraulic jumps.

5.

Methods of dimensional analysis, hydraulic

similarity and dominating forces.

6.

Urban
(River

Stormwater Drainage
Analysis Software)

Design

&

scale models, types

Hydraulic software

and conditions

application:

of

HEC-RAS

What exactly is an open channel?

1. Not completely enclosed by solid boundaries.
2. Subjected to atmospheric pressure (free surface).
3. Gravity: main force.
4. No external head/force needed to create flow.
5. Cross-sections of flow may vary with space & time.
6. Much more complicated to deal with.
7. Wider range of variation of roughness coefficient
*What is the difference between open channel flow and closed
channel flow?

Kinds of Open Channel (Artificial)

1.

Canal

2.

Flume

3.

Chute

4.

Drop

5.

Culvert

6.

Open Flow Tunnel

Floodplain

Geometric elements of open channel

1.

Depth of flow, y

2.

Depth of a flow section, d

3.

Channel of width, B

4.

Water area, A

5.

Wetted perimeter, P

6.

Hydraulic radius, R

7.

Hydraulic depth, D

Example 1.0

Cross-Sectional Asymmetry

Compound Section

Compound Section

Compound Section

Compound Section

Compound Section

Channel Slope

Channel Slope

Channel Slope

Channel Slope

Channel Slope
6. Method 6 (Laurenson, 1962):
- Channel is divided into N number of reaches,
each of uniform slope.
- It is assumed that the effects of roughness and
hydraulic radius on the velocity are the same for all
reaches.

Kc = 2606.07

KA30902 HYDRAULICS
(TUTORIALS)
1.

The following data have been collected for a section of natural

river. Calculate the arithmetric bed slope and the geometric bed
slope.

KA30902 HYDRAULICS
(TUTORIALS)
2. The following data have been collected for a
river section starting from the left bank and
reaching the right bank, taking reading for the
water depth every 40m. Plot the river section and
determine the hydraulic radius and hydraulic depth
of the river.