Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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Vitamins
One of the first discoveries of the
importance of vitamins came in the
1700s.
A Scottish doctor, James Lind,
discovered that sailors who were fed
citrus fruits recovered from scurvy.
Today, health scientists know that scurvy
is caused by a lack of vitamin C, which is
found in abundance in citrus fruits.
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Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored by the body
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins
Sources of fat-soluble vitamins are
vegetable oils
liver
eggs
certain vegetables
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Water-Soluble Vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins cannot be stored by the
body.
Examples of water-soluble vitamins are C and all of
the B vitamins.
Sources of water-soluble vitamins are
fruits
vegetables
whole-grain foods
and many other foods
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Antioxidants
Vitamins called antioxidants help protect healthy
cells from the damage caused by the normal aging
process as well as from certain types of cancer.
Vitamins C and E are two of the most powerful
antioxidants.
Vitamin C helps strengthen blood vessel walls,
strengthens your immune system, and aids in iron
absorption.
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Minerals
A nutrient that regulates many chemical reactions in the
body is a mineral.
Occurs naturally in rocks and soil
Minerals that are required in amounts greater than
100mg are considered macro minerals.
Calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium,
phosphorus, chloride (chlorine), and sulfur
Your body requires very small amounts of trace minerals.
Iron and zinc
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Calcium
Calcium is important in blood clotting and the
functioning of your nervous system.
It is an essential ingredient in the formation and
maintenance of bones and teeth.
A lack of calcium can sometimes lead to
osteoporosis, a condition in which the bones
gradually weaken.
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Potassium
Potassium and sodium work together to maintain
water balance in the body.
Most Americans do not consume enough potassium.
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Iron
Iron is necessary for healthy red blood cells.
If a persons diet does not include enough iron, he or
she may develop anemia, a condition in which the
red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin.
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Sodium
Sodium is important in several body processes,
including the functioning of the heart and water
balance.
Too much sodium can cause a problem with blood
pressure.
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Water
About 65 percent of
your body weight is
water.
Nearly all of the
bodys chemical
reactions, including
those that produce
energy and build new
tissues, take place in
a water solution.
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Preventing Dehydration
Dehydration is a condition in which the water
content of the body has fallen to an extremely low
level.
Symptoms of dehydration can include fatigue, dry
mouth, dizziness, weakness, flushed skin, headache,
blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, dry skin, rapid
pulse, and a infrequent urination.
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Herbal Supplements
Supplements that contain extracts or ingredients from
the roots, berries, seeds, stems, leaves, buds, or
flowers of plants are herbal supplements.
Herbal supplements are officially classified as food
and not drugs.
This means that herbal or dietary supplements do
not have to be proven safe or screened by the
FDA before placed on the market
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Supplements - Creatine
An amino acid that is made in the liver, kidneys, and
pancreas is called creatine.
Found in meat and fish
Many teenagers use creatine to increase their athletic
performance or to become more muscular.
Suspicion that excessive creatine use could cause
cramping, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, dehydration,
muscle strain, high blood pressure, and abnormal
liver/kidney function.
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Questions
1. What are vitamins? How do they differ from minerals?
2. What are the two classes of vitamins? Which vitamins fall into each
class?
3. Which seven minerals are needed by the body in significant amounts?
4. What roles does water play in the body?
5. Define homeostasis.
6. What vitamins are supplied by green, leafy vegetables? By citrus
fruits?
7. What are some ways that people with high blood pressure can reduce
their sodium intake?
8. How can feelings of thirst help a person maintain homeostasis on a
hot day?
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