INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

TRAINING
OLUWASEUN TAIWO

Objective
At the end of this presentation, participants
would be able to:

Define industrial safety

Objectives of Industrial Safety

Causes of Industrial Accident

Discuss industrial hazards

Highlight the concepts of industrial safety

Everyday,
thousands of
people die as a
result of workplace
accidents

INTRODUCTION
Hazard is a term associated with a substance that is likelihood to
cause an injury in a given environment or situation .
Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition produced by
industries that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of
product or property .
Safety in simple terms means freedom from the occurrence of risk
or injury or loss .
Industrial safety refers to the protection of workers from the
danger of industrial accidents .
4

Industrial safety is primarily a management

activity which is concerned with
Reducing
Controling
Eliminating hazards from the industries or
industrial units

OBJECTIVES OF INDUSTRIAL
SAFETY

To prevent accidents in plant by reducing the hazard to

minimum
To eliminate accident caused work stoppage and lost
production
To achieve lower workman compensation insurance rate
and reduce all other direct and indirect costs of accidents
To prevent loss of life, permanent disability and the loss
of income of workers by eliminating causes of accidents
To evaluate employees morale by promoting safe work
place and good working condition
To educate all members of the organization in continuous
state of safety and to make supervision competent and
intensely safety minded

CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL
ACCIDENTS

d)

Unsafe conditions
The job itself
Work schedules
Psychological condition
Machinery and equipment

Unsafe acts

miscellaneous

a)
b)
c)

WHAT ARE INDUSTRIAL

HAZARDS?

Physical noise, vibration, heat, cold,

pressure, radiation, fibres,
Chemical flammables/explosive materials,
toxics, sensitizing agents.
Biological dust, pathogens
Psychological work place practices and
systems, payment systems

GENERAL HAZARDS IN
INDUSTRIES

FIRE HAZARDS
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
RADIATION HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

Fire is an exothermic chemical reaction between

oxygen and fuel
Combustion:
Slow combustion eg cotton waste burning
Rapid combustion eg petroleum product
Spontaneous combustion eg paint scrap
The effect of fire on people takes the form of burns
Fire can take several forms including jet fire, pool fire
and boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion

SOURCES OF FIRE HAZARDS

HOT SURFACES
COMBUSTIBLE AND FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
HEAT UTILIZATION EQUIPMENTS (OVER HEATING)
CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENTS
LIGHTENING
GAS CYLINDERS
OVENS AND FURNACES
REACTOR
WELDING CUTTING
SPARK FROM METAL TO METAL CONTACT
CARELESSNESS

TYPES OF FIRE

STEPS TO BE TAKEN

DONT PANIC
RAISE THE ALARM
EVACUATE THE PREMISES
TURN OFF THE GAS SUPPLY (fuel supply)
ATTACK THE FIRE WITH EXTINGUISHER OR VACATE THE
PLACE
IN CASES OF FIRE, SAFE METHODS TO BE FOLLOWED
STAIR CASES ONLY TO BE USED FOR EVACUATION
EXIT DOORS SHOULD BE CLOSED AFTER GETTING OUT
GO DOWN THE STAIR CASE TO THE GROUND
WALK DO NOT RUN
ENCOUNTER HEAVY SMOKE, CRAWL ON THE FLOOR, DO NOT
TALK COVER THE NOSE AND MOUTH WITH A WET CLOTH

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

CONTROL OF FIRE ACCIDENTS

FIRE PROTECTION IS AN IMPORTANT PART

OF GOOD HOUSE KEEPING
PROHIBITION OF SMOKING IN
MANUFACTURING AREA
OXYGEN PRESENT IN ATMOSPHERE MAY BE
REDUCED BY DILUTION WITH GASES AS
NITROGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE

IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL OF

IGNITION SOURCES IN AREAS WHERE
FLAMMABLE CHEMICALS ARE
STORED/HANDLED/TRANSFERRED
ELIMINATION OF IGNITION SOURCES
CAREFUL PLANT LAYOUT
FIRE RESISTANCE BRICK WALLS OR
REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS

SUITABLE EXIT FACILITY TO BE PROVIDED

ADEQUATE VENTILATION FACILITY
SPRINKLER WITH RELIABLE WATER SUPPLY
INSTALLATION OF SUFFICIENT FIRE ALARMS

MECHANICAL HAZARDS

OCCURS DUE TO:

LARGE NUMBER OF EQUIPMENTS
CROWDED WORK PLACE CONDITIONS
FREQUENT INTERACTION BETWEEN WORKER AND
EQUIPMENT
INSECURELY FIXED MACHINES
WEAR AND TEAR OF PARTS
FAILURE OF STANDARD OPERATION PROCEDURE
NEGLIGENCE
IMPROPER MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT

MOST COMMON IN METAL INDUSTRIES AND CONSTRUCTION SITES

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE

a)
b)
c)
d)

PHYSICAL Physical capability of workers

may not meet the job requirement.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
Age
Sex
Time
Experience

SAFETY MEASURES FOR

MECHANICAL HAZARDS

All machinery must be fenced or

mechanically interlocked or celled

Machines should be fitted with emergency

shut down system

Turn key system for cleaning and for repairing.

Control system override should be monitored

Operator must have a safe distance from the
machine
Strictly following STANDARD OPERATION

PROCEDURE

Stop and lock button for machines

PREVENTIVE MEASURES
BUILDING PLANNING:
a) Floors must be non slippery type
b) Enough space to move easily
c) Easy access of workers to the safety
switches
) SAFETY MATERIAL HANDLING:
All material handling equipment should be
repaired and maintained properly


a)
b)
c)
d)

PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE DEVICES:

Protection of head by using hard hats and
helmets
Ears by using ear muffs and plugs
Face by using face masks
Hand gloves

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Electricity is the flow of electrons through a
substance which allows transfer of electrical
energy from one position to another
How shock occurs
1mA

Slight tingling sensation

5mA

Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing

6 30mA

Painful shock, muscular control is lost

50 150mA

Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contraction and death is possible

1000 4300 mA

Muscular contraction and nerve damage occur. Death is most likely

10,000 mA

Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable death

How Shocks Occur

Shocks
Occur in
Three Ways

Current travels in closed

Contact with both
circuits through conductors
conductors
(water, metal, the human body).
Contact with one conductor
Shock occurs when the body
and ground
becomes a part of the circuit.
With a tool: contact with
Current enters at one point &
hot metal part and ground
leaves at another.
(1), (2) & (3)

The most frequent causes of electrical injury/death are:

1. Contact with power lines
2. Path to ground missing or discontinuous
3. Equipment not used in manner prescribed
4. Improper use of extension and flexible cords
5. Electric shocks and burns due to poor indication
facilities
6. Wiring faults and improper wired equipment
7. Sparking at loose connection

SAFETY MEASURES FOR

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

Design a safer system

Implement a safe electrical work program
Observe work practice
Use warning labels
Use protective equipment
Recheck the equipment everyday
Heat producing electrical equipment
Overhead electrical wire should have extra care
Recheck the line everyday
Proper training to workers

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Proper maintenance of wiring and equipment

High voltage equipment should be properly
enclosed
Indication of danger sign at every high voltage
terminal
Safe work project
Insulation, guarding, grounding, electrical
protective devices

Workers should avoid working with their

equipment in wet clothes and shoes
Water supply should be far away from electrical
circuits

CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Chemical hazards are:
Toxic
Corrosive
Irritant
Carcinogenic
Flammable
Mutagenic

Chemical reactions may get out of control due to:

i. Wrong raw materials
ii. Raw material with impurities
iii. Changed operating conditions
iv. Time delay
v. Equipment failure

PICTOGRAMS USED IN CHEMICAL

HAZARDS

EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS ON
EXPOSURE

Skin burn
Ache
Anthrax
Ulcer in hand, nose etc
Cancer
Irritation on wind pipe

Many chemicals can cause severe burns, if they

come in contact with living tissue
Living tissue my be destroyed by following
chemical reaction:
Dehydration by strong dehydrating agents
Digestion by strong acids and bases
Oxidation by strong oxidizing agent

PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Solvents used in extraction, purification of synthetic
drugs and chemical analysis should be handled with
care
Flammable and explosive chemicals should be kept at
proper distance
Tolerance level for toxic chemicals set by federal
regulation have to be followed
Suitable label to the chemicals for proper handling

Personal Protective Cloth

Application of cream before commencement of
work
Use of Goggles
Safety regulation and protective measures

Safety and productivity

can not be separated. So
keep them together.

IMAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING

BETTER INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
In all places of employment:
passage ways, store rooms
and service rooms shall be
kept clean and orderly in a
sanitary condition

Every structure is
required to have load
bearing when using for
storage

Floor of every work room

shall be maintained clean,
dry condition

Floor hole into which persons

can accidentally walk shall be
protected by a cover that
leaves no opening more than 1
inch wide

Treads on all stairs shall be

reasonably slip resistant
This picture illustrates
adequate slip resistance in
place

Employees must be able to

open an exit door from inside at
all times without keys or
special knowledge even in the
dark

The doors that connects any room

or exit route must swing out in
direction of exit travel if the room is
designed for more than 50 people
or if the room is a high hazard area

SAFETY INSPECTION
PROCEDURERS
SAFETY AUDIT
A safety audit subjects each area of a companys activity to a
systematic critical examination with the object of minimizing loss.
SAFETY SURVEY
A safety survey is a detailed examination in depth of a narrower
field of activity
SAFETY INSPECTION
A routine scheduled inspection of a unit or department, which
maybe carried out by someone ( maybe a safety representative)
from within the unit, possibly
Accompanied by the safety advisor. The inspection would check
maintenance standards.

CONCLUSTION

REVIEW OF SAFETY AWARENESS AND SAFETY

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS OF PLANT EMPLOYEES
WITH RESPECT TO HAZARDS PRESENT IN THE
PLANT
REVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AWARENESS
AND RECOMMENED SUITABLE IMPROVEMENT
MEASURES
SYSTEMATIC TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES IS
NECESSARY
IN ADDITION, THERE SHOULD BE A COMMITTEE IN
EACH DEPARTMENT, RESPONSIBLE FOR SAFETY IN
THEIR DEPARTMENT

Safety is endless, safety

is an ongoing process