INEQUALITIES

MATH10
ALGEBRA

Inequalities (Algebra and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 136-170)

GENERAL
OBJECTIVE
At the end of the chapter the students are
expected to:
Use interval notation.
Solve linear inequalities.

Week 5
Day 1

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

Week 5
Day 1

At the end of the lesson the students are

expected to:
To identify an inequality.
To classify inequalities as absolute or conditional.
To use interval and set notation in writing solutions
to inequalities.
To represent graphically the solution to inequalities.
To apply intersection and union concepts in solving
compound inequalities.
To solve linear and fractional inequalities.
Understand that linear inequalities have one
solution, no solution, or an interval solution.

DEFINITION

Week 5
Day 1

INEQUALITIES
Let a and b denote two real numbers such that the
graph of a on the number line is in the negative
direction from the graph of b. Then we say that a is
less than b and b is greater than a, or, in symbols:

a b or b a
A statement that one quantity is greater than or less
than another quantity is called an INEQUALITY.

Note: or arecalledstrictinequaliti
es
or areinequaliti
eswithendpoints

KINDS OF INEQUALITIES

Week 5
Day 1

Absolute inequalities are inequalities which is true

for all values of x.
x 1 x
Example:

Conditional inequalities are inequalities which

is true for certain values of x.
Example:x 1 5

Week 5
Day 1

GRAPHING INEQUALITIES
and
INTERVAL NOTATION

Week 5
Day 1
FOUR WAYS OF EXPRESSING SOLUTIONS TO INEQUALIT
inequality notation
set notation
interval notation
graphical representation

EXAMPLE
INEQUAL SET
ITY
NOTATION
NOTATIO
N

a x b x| a x b

Week 5
Day 1
INTERV GRAPH/NUMBER
AL
LINE
NOTATI
[
)
ON
a
0
b

a,b

or

a is the left endpoint

b is the right endpoint
If an inequality is a strict inequality (< or >)
parenthesis is used.
If an inequality includes an endpoint (> or <)
bracket is used.

Week 5
Day 1
INTERV GRAPH/NUMBER
AL
LINE
NOTATI
(
)
ON
a
0
b
a, b or

Let x be a real number , x is .

INEQUAL SET
ITY
NOTATION
NOTATIO
N

a xb

x | a x b

a xb

x | a x b

a, b

or

[
a

a xb

x | a x b

a, b

0
0

Week 5
Day 1
INTERV GRAPH/NUMBER
AL
LINE
NOTATI
[
]
ON
a
b
a, b or

Let x be a real number , x is .

INEQUAL SET
ITY
NOTATION
NOTATIO
N

a xb

x | a x b

xa

x | x a

, a

)
or

xa

x | x a

, a

Week 5
Day 1
INTERV GRAPH/NUMBER
AL
LINE
NOTATI
(
ON
b
b, or

Let x be a real number , x is .

INEQUAL SET
ITY
NOTATION
NOTATIO
N

xb

x | x b

xb

x | x b

b,

or

Week 5
Day 1
Infinity
is not a number. It is a symbol that
means continuing indefinitely to the right on the
number line.

Negative infinity
means continuing indefinitely
to the left on the number line.
In interval notation, the lower number is always
written on the left.

Week 5
Day 1

Example 1
INEQUALITY
NOTATION SET
NOTATION

x<4

x | x 4

GRAPHICAL
REPRESENTATION

-4

-4

INTERVAL
NOTATION

)
4

(-,4)

Week 5
Day 1

Example 2
INEQUALITY SET
NOTATION NOTATION

x4

x | x 4

GRAPHICAL
REPRESENTATION

-4

-4

]
4

INTERVAL
NOTATION

(-,4]

Week 5
Day 1

Example 3
INEQUALITY SET
NOTATION NOTATION

x>4

x | x 4

GRAPHICAL
REPRESENTATION

-4

-4

(
4

INTERVAL
NOTATION

(4, +)

Week 5
Day 1

Example 4
SET
INEQUALITY NOTATION
NOTATION

x 4

x | x 4

GRAPHICAL
REPRESENTATION

[
-4

-4

INTERVAL
NOTATION

[4, +)

EXAMPLE 5
INEQUAL SET
ITY
NOTATION
NOTATIO
N

1 x 4

Week 5
Day 1
INTERV GRAPH/NUMBER
AL
LINE
NOTATI
[
)
ON
4
-1

x| 1 x 4 1,4

or

-1

EXAMPLE 5
INEQUAL SET
ITY
NOTATION
NOTATIO
N

0 x 4

x| 0 x 4

Week 5
Day 1
INTERV GRAPH/NUMBER
AL
LINE
NOTATI
[
]
ON
4
0

0,4

or

Week 5
Day 1
Example 6:
Classroom example 1.5.1 page 137
Express the following as an inequality and an interval.
a. x is less than -1
b. x is greater than or equal to 3
c. x is greater than -2 and less than or equal to 7.

DEFINITION

Week 5
Day 1

UNION AND INTERSECTION

Theunionof setsA andB,denoted

byA B,isthesetformedby
combining
alltheelements
inA withalltheelements
inB.
A B x| xisinA orBorboth
Theintersecti
onof setsA andB,denoted
byA B,isthesetformed
bytheelements
thatareinbothA andB.
A B x| xisinA andB

DOUBLE OR COMBINED
INEQUALITY

Week 5
Day 1

A statement formed by joining two clauses with

the word and is called a conjunction. For a
conjunction to be true, both clauses must be true.

Example
: 2 3X 4 16
A statement formed by joining two clauses with the
word or is called a disjunction. For a disjunction to
be true, at least one of the clauses must be true.

Example
: x 2 or x 3

Example
YourTurn
page
138

Week 5
Day 1

If C - 3,3 andD 0,5 , findC DandC D.

Express
theintersecti
onandunionininterval
notation,
andgraph.

YourTurn
page
138

a.Express
- 6,2 -1,5 usingmoresuccinct
interval
notation.
b.Express
- 6,2 -1,5 usingmoresuccinct
interval
notation.

Week 5
Day 1

SOLVING LINEAR INEQUALITIES

SOLVING LINEAR INEQUALITIES

Week 5
Day 1

near inequalities are solved using the same procedure as lin

quations with the following exception:
When you multiply or divide by a negative number, you
must reverse the inequality sign.
Cross multiplication cannot be used with inequalities.

INEQUALITY PROPERTIESWeek 5
Day 1
PROCEDURES THAT DO NOT CHANGE THE
INEQUALITY SIGN
1. Simplifying by eliminating
3 x 6 6x x
parentheses and collecting
3x 18 5x
like terms.
2. Adding or subtracting
the same quantity on
both sides.
3.Multiplying or dividing by
the same positive
number.

7x 8 29
7x 21

5x 15
x 3

INEQUALITY PROPERTIES Week 5

Day 1

PROCEDURES THAT CHANGE (REVERSE) THE

INEQUALITY SIGN
x 4 is equivalent
1. Interchanging the two
sides of the inequality
to 4 x
2.Multiplying or dividing by
the same negative
number.

5x 15 is equivalent
to x 3

Example

SOLVING A LINEAR INEQUALITY

Week 5
Day 1

1.

example
3
page
139

2.

#68
page
143

Solveandexpressthesolution
ininterval
notation

#70
page
143

Solveandexpressthesolution
ininterval
notation

3.

Solveandgraphtheinequality
5- 3x 23

2 y 5 3 y- 4

4- 3 2 x 5

SOLVING A LINEAR INEQUALITIES WITH

FRACTION
Week 5
Example
Day 1
1.

Classroom
Ex.1.5.4
page
140

#75
2.
page
143

5x 4 3x
Solvethelinearinequality
3
2

Solveandexpressthesolution
ininterval
notation
2 1
5y
y 5 y 2 y
3 2
3

#76
3.
page
143

Solveandexpressthesolution
ininterval
notation
s s 3 s 1

2
3
4 12

Common mistake is using cross multiplication to solve fract

inequalities.

SOLVING A DOUBLE OR COMPOUND

LINEAR INEQUALITY
Week 5
Example
Day 1
1.

Classroom
Ex.1.5.5
Solvethelinearinequality
- 5 1 x 9
page
140

2.

Classroom
Ex.1.5.6
x 7
Solvethelinearinequality
-4
20
page
141
3

3.

4.

#85
Solveandexpressthesolution
ininterval
notation
page
143
1 1 y 3

2
3
4
#86
Solveandexpressthesolution
ininterval
notation
page
143
2 z 1
-1

4
5

SUMMARY

Week 5
Day 1

The solution to linear inequalities are solution sets that can

expressed in four ways:
1. Inequality notation
2.Set Notation
3.Interval Notation
4.Graph (number line)

. Linear inequalities are solved using the same procedures a

linear equations with the following exception:
1. when you multiply or divide by a negative number y
must reverse the inequality sign
2. cross multiplication cannot be used with inequalities.

Week 5
Day 2

NON LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN ONE VARIABLE

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

Week 5
Day 2

At the end of the lesson the students are

expected to:
To solve quadratic inequalities.
To solve polynomial inequalities.
To solve rational inequalities.
To solve absolute value inequalities.

POLYNOMIAL INEQUALITIES

Week 5
Day 2

ros of a polynomial are the values of x that make the polyno

qual to zero.
ese zeros divide the real number line into test intervals wher
he value of the polynomial is either positive or negative.
STEPS:

Write inequality in standard form (zero on one side).

dentify zeros (factor if possible otherwise use quadratic formu
raw the number line with zeros labeled.
etermine the sign of the polynomial in each interval.
dentify which interval(s) make the inequality true.
Write the solution in interval notation.

SOLVING QUADRATIC INEQUALITY

Week 5
Day 2

The square root method cannot be used for

quadratic inequalities.
Dividing both sides by the variable (x) cannot
be used for quadratic inequalities

Common mistakes:
Taking the square root of both
sides.
Dividing both sides by the
variable (x).

SOLVING QUADRATIC INEQUALITY

Solve each quadratic inequality:
1. x2 x 12 Example
#1page147
2. x2 5x 6

YourTurnpage147

3. x2 4

Example
#2page147

4. x2 1 15

Classroom
Ex.1.6.2
page148

5. x2 2x 3 Example
#3page149
6. x2 5x

Example
#4page149

7. x2 2x 1

Example
#5page150

8. x2 2x 1

YourTurn page150

9. x2 4x 4 0
10.x2 4x 4 0

Week 5
Day 2

Week 5
SOLVING A POLYNOMIAL INEQUALITY
Day 2
Solve each inequality:
1. 5x2 2x 3x3

Classroom
Ex.1.6.6
page150

2. x3 x2 6x 0

YourTurn page150

3. x4 5x2 4 0

4. x 1 2x2 5x 2 0

SOLVING A RATIONAL INEQUALITY

Week 5
Day 2

A rational expression have numerators and

denominators , thus the
we have the following possible combinations:




,
,
,

olve rational inequalities we use a similar procedure for solvi

ynomial inequalities, with one exception. You must eliminate
ues for x that make the denominator equal to zero.

ce expressions are combined into a single fraction the value

ake either the numerator or the denominator equal to zero d
e number line into intervals.

Week 5
SOLVING A RATIONAL INEQUALITY
Day 2
STEPS:
1. Write inequality in standard form (zero on one side).
2. Identify zeros .
. Write as a single fraction
.Determine values that make the numerator or
denominator equal to zero
. Always exclude values that make the
denominator = 0.
3. Draw the number line with zeros labeled.
4. Determine the sign of the polynomial in each
interval.
5. Identify which interval(s) make the inequality true.
6. Write the solution in interval notation.

SOLVING A RATIONAL INEQUALITY

Solve each inequality:
s 1
1.
0 Classroom
Ex.1.6.7
page151
2
64- s
x
2.
3 Example
#8page152
x 2
3p- 2p2 3 p
3.

#43page154
2
2 p
4 p

4.

1
1
3

2
p 2 p 2 p 4

#57page154

Week 5
Day 2

ABSOLUTE VALUE INEQUALITIES

Week 5
Day 2

PROPERTIES OF ABSOLUTE VALUE INEQUALITIES

1. x a isequivalent
to - a x a
2. x a isequivalent
to - a x a
3. x a isequivalent
to x -a or x a
4. x a isequivalent
to x -a or x a

Week 5
Day 2
SOLVING AN ABSOLUTE VALUE INEQUALITY
Solve each inequality:
1. 4- 3x 0

2. 4- x 1 1

#51page162

#56page162

3. 5x 1 2 7 #54page162

4.

2 3x 2

5
5

#58page162

5. 3x 5 2x 1
6. 5x 2 3x 4

7. x2 8x 6 6

Week 5
Day 2
The following procedure can be used for solving polynomia
rational inequalities.
1. Write inequality in standard form (zero on one side).
2. Determine the zeros; if it is a rational function, note
the domain restrictions.
. Polynomial Inequality
- Factor if possible, otherwise, use quadratic
formula
. Rational Inequality
- Write as a single fraction
- Determine values that make the numerator
or denominator equal to zero
-Always exclude values that make the
denominator = 0.
3. Draw the number line with zeros labeled.
4. Determine the sign of the polynomial in each
SUMMARY