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SUMATRAN TIGER

A N N I S A N U R S YA B A N I
ANTONIUS MARULITUAH
BERLIANDO
A R D H YA I N D R A R A J A S A
A U L I A C H A N I FA H A R YA D I P U T R I

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A. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
Thetiger(Panthera tigris) is the largestcat species, most
recognisable for their pattern of dark vertical stripes on
reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside. The largest wild
tiger ever reported had a total body length of 3.38m over
curves and weighed 388.7kg. The species is classified in the
genusPantherawith thelion,leopard,jaguarandsnow
leopard. Tigers areapex predators, primarily preying
onungulatessuch asdeerandbovids. They are territorial and
generallysolitary but socialanimals, often requiring large
contiguous areas ofhabitatthat support their prey
requirements. This, coupled with the fact that they are
indigenous to some of the more densely populated places on
Earth, has caused significantconflicts with humans.

B. DESCRIPTION
TheSumatran tiger(Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a raretiger
subspeciesthat inhabits theIndonesianisland ofSumatra. It has
been listed asCritically Endangeredon theIUCN (International
Union for Conservation of Nature)Red Listin 2008, due to hunting
for their body parts but more importantly due to habitat destruction,
as the population was estimated at 441 to 679 individuals, with no
subpopulation larger than 50 individuals and a declining trend.
The Sumatran tiger is the smallest species of tiger. Their small size
helps them to move through the jungle much easier than the bigger
tiger species. The coat pattern is made up of orange, black and
white species. The stripes of the Sumatran tiger are much closer
together than in other tiger species which helps them with
camouflage. The habitat that the tiger usually lives in has tall grass
which means with the stripes the tiger is able to blend in. The
Sumatran tiger is only found on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.
Their habitat ranges from mountain forest, lowland forest and peat
swamp forests.
They have large strong front paws with five toes and sharp claws which
can be pulled inside while they walk which helps to keep them
sharp. The paws are webbed which help them to be very fast
swimmers. The average length and weight of a male Sumatran
tiger is 2.4 metres and 120 kilograms. While the average length and
weight of a female Sumatran tiger is 2.2 metres and 90 kilograms.

Mating can occur all year round, but is more common between
November and April.A female is only receptive for three to six
days. Matingis frequent and noisy during that time. Gestation can
range from 93 to 112 days, the average being 105 days.The litter
is usually two or three cubs, occasionally as few as one or as many
as six. Cubs weigh from 680 to 1,400 each at birth, and are born
blind and helpless.The females rear them alone, with the birth
site and maternal den in a sheltered location such as a thicket,
cave or rocky crevice. For the first eight weeks of the cubs life they
eat only their mothers milk then they will be introduced to eating
milk. They will continue to suckle from their mother however for
about 5 or 6 months. The cubs open their eyes at six to fourteen
days old. By eight weeks, the cubs make short ventures outside
the den with their mother, although they do not travel with her as
she roams her territory until they are older. The cubs are nursed
for three to six months. Around the time they are weaned, they
start to accompany their mother on territorial walks and they are
taught how to hunt. The cubs often become capable (and nearly
adult size) hunters at eleven months old.The cubs become
independent around eighteen months of age, but it is not until
they are around two to two and a half years old that they fully
separate from their mother. The mortality rate of tiger cubs is
about 50% in the first two years.Few other predators attack tiger

The Sumatran tiger is largerly a solitary animal and they will use their claws
to scratch on trees to mark their territory. The male will not let another male
stay within his territory but he will let other tigers move through his
territory. The female only uses her territory for hunting and the territory of a
single male can overlap with the territory of several females. They will come
out to hunt at dusk and they can sometimes travel more than 32 kilometres
(20 miles) in a night.
Tigers have no consistent natural predators other than man, so the need to
defend themselves from attack is rare. Tigers only fight amongst
themselves if there is a dispute over territory, but these fights are usually
based solely on intimidation and end with one tiger adopting a submissive
posture by rolling over and showing its belly. Male tigers have only been
known to fight to the death over females in heat and only on rare occasions.
When tigers hunt, they tend to try to hold prey down with their forelimbs
and bite their throats. They defend themselves from attacks in a similar
manner and may also attack the eyes in self-defense. Tigers may fight with
other predators, such as leopards, dholes, striped hyenas, wolves,
crocodiles and bears, when prey is disputed or scarce. Most other predators
coexist with or avoid tigers, but crocodiles have been known to ambush
them while they are drinking. Bears and packs of dholes are also capable of
killing tigers.

Sumatra has had huge agricultural growth which means that the tiger
population has been fragmented into some living in five national
parks and two game reserves while about 100 live in unprotected
areas. The tigers that live in unprotected areas are very vulnerable
as that area will soon be lost to agriculture and they are also in
danger from hunters.
Trading tiger parts in Indonesia at this time is even more alarming.
The discovery of the tiger trade are reflected in a survey of
ProFauna Indonesia supported by the International Fund for Animal
Welfare ( IFAW ) in July-October 2008. During the four months of
ProFauna visited 21 cities / locations in Sumatra and Jakarta.Of the
21 cities visited by ProFauna, 10 cities in which are found the tiger
parts trade (48%). Tiger body parts being traded include leather,
whiskers, claws, or stuffed intact.The price of tiger parts sold it
varies. For a complete sold for Rp 5 million to 25 million pieces per
sheet. While the tiger fangs offered at Rp 400,000 to Rp 1.1
million. Most of the tiger parts sold in art stores, sellers of precious
stones, and sellers of traditional medicine. For trade in tiger parts
is most prevalent in Lampung.

SOURCES
1.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger

2.

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harimau_sumatera

3.

http://theanimalfacts.com/mammals/sumatran-tiger/

4.

https://www.reference.com/pets-animals/tigers-defend-the
mselves-5974de2de0625308

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