FPSO /FSU

South Pars Oil Layer- POGC

July 2008 Tehran

Subjects of the presentation

Introduction
Types of FSOs
Types of FPSOs
Bluewater FSO/ FPSO experience
Hull selection
Loading and Offloading
Lease versus purchase
Future
Operations

Introduction
FSO & FPSO applications

Introduction

Floating (Production) Storage and Offloading

units are rapidly expanding
Today a large portion of the new offshore
developments are and will be Floating Units

Floaters Present Operating*

Floating Production

FPSOs
: 111 units
Semi-Submersibles
Tension Leg Platforms
Production SPARs
Production Barges

:
:
:
:

38 units
20 units
14 units
5 units

Storage & offloading

FSOs

: 86 units

* July 2006 , Source: International Maritime Associates INC.

Floaters 0n order*
Floating Production units

FPSOs
: 36 units
Semi-Submersibles
Tension Leg Platforms
Production SPARs
Production Barges

:
:
:
:

6 units
2 units
2 units
1 unit

Storage & offloading

: 6units
FSOs

* July 2006 , Source: International Maritime Associates INC.

Bluewater
FSO and FPSO projects

Project Execution Strategy

Typical Scope and Responsibilities Summary
Vessel

Turret

Topsides

Sub sea

Design
Concept Design
Basic design
Detailed Design & Integration

BW
BW / TP
Shipyard

BW
BW
BW

BW + TP
TP
TP

SSC
SSC
SSC

Construction
Construction Prefabrication
Module Construction
Vessel Integration

Shipyard
Shipyard

Fabricator
Fabricator
Shipyard

TP & Vendor
TP
Shipyard

SSC
SSC
-

Commissioning
Mechanical Completion
Pre-commissioning modules
Inshore commissioning
Offshore commissioning

Shipyard
BW + Shipyard
BW
BW

Fabricator
BW
BW
BW

TP
TP
BW
BW

SSC
SSC
SSC

FSO Experience

FSOs Build
- FSO Phillips Enterprise
- FSU Covenas
- Bunker storage MT Tuma
- Liverpool Bay
- Ailsa Craig

230,000
390,000
125,000
150,000
180,000

dwt
dwt
dwt
dwt
dwt

FSO Studies
- Cepu
- Yoho
- Malampaya(condensate)
- Belanak (LPG)

Indonesia
West Africa
Philippines
Indonesia

Ivory Coast
Columbia
Nigeria
UK
UK

FSO Experience

FSO Phillips Enterprise 1983

230,000 dwt VLCC
Crude storage

FSO Experience

FSU Covenas 1987

390,000 dwt ULCC
Columbia

FSO Experience

Liverpool Bay FSO

150,000 dwt
Offshore UK

Ailsa Craig FSO UK

FPSO Experience
Decommissioned FPSOs :
FPSO

Field

Field Operator

Period

1. Acqua Blu

Mila (Italy)
Gombe Marin (Gabon)
Safueiro (Angola)
Talisman (Australia)

Montedison
Amoco
Agip
Marathon

1985-1987
1987-1988
1988-1989
1989-1992

2. Lan Shui

Liuhua (China)
Intan (Indonesia)

Amoco
Maxus

1987-1989
1989-1991

3. Ayer Biru

Lufeng (China)

Occidental

1990-1991

FPSO Experience

FPSO Ayer Biru

50,000 dwt

FPSO Experience

FPSO Lan Shui

80.000 dwt

FPSO Experience

FPSO Aqcua Blu

80,000 dwt

FPSO Experience 1985-2003

Operating FPSOs :

Operating FPSOs :
FPSO

Field

Field Operator

Period

4 Uisge Gorm

Fife / Fergus/ Flora UK

Amerada Hess

1995- present

5 Glas Dowr

Durward /Dauntless UK
Sable S-Africa

Amerada Hess
Soekor

1997-2001
2002-present

6 Bleo Holm

Ross/Pary/Blake UK

Talisman

1999- present

7 Haewne Brim

Pierce UK

Shell

2001- present

8 Munin

Lufeng China
Xijang China
Lufeng China

Statoil
ConocoPholips
Statoil

2001-2004
2004-2005
2005- present

9 Jotun 52%

Jotun field Norway

ExxonMobil

1998-present

10 Aoka MIzu
Under construction

Ettrick field UK

Nexen

2007

11 Hanne Knutsen
Shuttle tanker

2001

Recent FPSO Projects

Uisge Gorm

Aug. 1995
Operating in UK waters
Oldest Bluewater FPSO

Glas Dowr
Glas Dowr Aug. 1997
Since 2003 Operating in South
African waters
Including provision of shuttle
tankers

Bleo Holm

Bleo Holm April, 1999

Operated

by Talisman in UK waters

Haewene Brim

Nov. 2001 (Feb. 1999)

Operating in UK waters
Additional water injection modules
added in 2005

MUNIN

Jotun

Hanne Knutsen Shuttle Tanker

Purchasing of FPSO /FSO

Cost of Suitable Tanker
Cost of Conversion & Uprading
Cost of mooring & Riser
Installation

FSO FPSO types

Large differences in specification for FSOs
applications and FPSO applications:

FSOs vary from temporary storage to integrated part

of a full production facilities

FPSOs vary from Early Well Test unit to large

production unit for > 25 years field life.

FSO types
Different FSO requirements

Short or long term durations

Storage requirements
Mooring systems
Functional and outfitting requirements

FSO types
Selections for short or long term projects
New build or conversion
5-10 years
10-20 years
20- > 25 years

: in general conversion
: Both new & conversion
depending operation conditions
: In general new purpose build

Painting system
Short term
Long term

: ballast tanks painting touch up

: extensive painting in ballast and
cargo tanks

FSO Types
Temporary Storage
Unit
Min conversion work
Calm mooring system

FSO Types

Purpose design FSO

Calram Mooring

FSO Types

FSO for Offshore

Production

FSO Facilities
Facilities depends on Field specific requirements
Helideck
Offtake tanker mooring facilities (tandem/ side by side)
Offtake tanker loading facilities
Fiscal metering
Crude oil water separation & water treatment
Accomodation for crew , sometimes additional accomodation for oil field production services staff
Ballast water from offtake tankers reception & treatment facilities
Inert Gas reception & treatment facilities (Volontile Organic Compound VOC)

FSO Types

FSO providing full port facilities:

3 offloading stations ( 2x loading arm.1x Calm buoy)
Ballast reception facilities
Metering
2,200,000 bbls storage
12,000 m3 / hr offloading capacity

FPSO Types

FPSO production types

Extended Well test FPSO
( EWT)
> 1 year operation: minimum facilities

Early Production FPSO

1-2 year production: basic facilities

Marginal Field FPSO

4-7 year initial production: full production
facilities redeployment

Long Term Production FPSO

15-25 year production: maximised /
dedicated facilities

Well Test FPSO

Early production FPSO

Munin (Navion Munin)

Sept., 2001 (Dec., 1997)

Operating

in Chinese waters

Marginal Field FPSO

Purpose build full field life FPSO

FSO/ FPSO Moorings

Mooring systems
Selection criteria

Water-depth
Weather conditions
Size
Specific operating conditions
( hurricanes, Ice etc )

Mooring systems
Permanent Mooring System

System designed for full life time and most severe conditions
Vessel does not require propulsion
Disconnectable mooring system

In severe conditions the mooring system is disconnected

( ice and hurricanes )

Requires disconnect devices for mooring and riser system
Planned operation
The vessel is fully equipped and classed as a sailing ship

Dynamic Positioned Vessel

No mooring lines attached

Riser system needs quick disconnect devices
Emergency disconnect
The vessel is fully equipped and classed as a sailing ship

Mooring systems
Fixed Mooring System
Offshore: Spread Mooring
All water depths
Weathervaning Mooring Systems
Calm buoy type
: all water depth
Tower Mooring
: Limited water depth
Turret mooring
: all water depths

Spread Mooring

Alternate Mooring Systems

CALM
Buoy

Internal
Turret

CALM
Wishbone
Buoy

Tower
Hawser

CALRAM
Buoy

Tower
Wishbone

External
Turret

Submerged
Tower
Wishbone

Alternate Mooring Systems

Calm Buoy mooring

Alternate Mooring Systems

CALM Wishbone System

Alternate Mooring Systems

Calram System

Alternate Mooring Systems

Alternate Mooring Systems

Turret System

Internal Turret
systems are most
commonly and widely
used SPM Systems
after the CALM Buoys

Alternate Mooring Systems

Alternate Mooring Systems

Design Turret

Alternate Mooring Systems

Identical Modules Stacked

Alternate Mooring Systems

Swivel Modules
(2-off)

Swivel Modules
(6-off)

Inlet Collector
Bolted to Turntable

Alternate Mooring Systems

Tower Wishbone Systems

Disconnectable Mooring

Dynamic positioning
Dynamic Positioned Unit
no mooring lines
DP class 2
Positioning by thrusters/
propellors
Reliable power plant
Disconnectable

Disconnectable riser system

Bluewater DP FPSOs

DP unit Powerplant
6 MW

G
13 KV

4 MW

690V

690V

3 MW

690V

690V

13 KV

13 KV

12 MW

4 MW

3 MW

3 MW

4 MW

6 MW

13 KV

12 MW

G
6 MW

AFT

6 MW

G
M

FORE

Offloading
FSO & FPSO applications

Tandem offloading

900m
120m

1500m
FPSO

TANKER

TUG
1x

120m

1500m
LARGE OIL+GTL
FPSO OR
CATAMARAN

OFF TAKE TANKER

TUG
2-3x

1860m

1500m
FPSO

BUOY
OFF LOADING

OFF TAKE TANKER

Hull selection
FSO & FPSO applications

Hull Selection Criteria

Selection (typical) Client Requirements
Storage between 1.7 and 2.0 MMbbls
Design life minimal the lease period

Selection (typical) Bluewater Criteria

Design Lifetime FPSO :15-20 years

Tanker market: Double hull
New built: Double Hull Purpose built FPSO hull
double sided only available in purpose built barge (not flexible)

Typical Technical Requirements

Coating System (Epoxy in Ballast Tanks)

Ballast System: Segregated with Two Pumps
Structural details: fatigue design of Hull
Hull Materials: Min. high Tensile Steel

Hull Types
"Old" Converted Tanker
New Build Standard Tanker
New Build Adapted Standard Tanker

New Build Adapted Tanker

Purpose Designed

Hull Strategy
Intercept New Double Hull Tankers
New Tanker Conversion
Deal with Ship-owners available
Bluewater example: Glas Dowr

Existing young tonnage (<5 yrs old)

Traditional Tanker Conversion
Deal with Ship-owners available
Bluewater Examples: Uisge Gorm,
retired Bluewater FPSOs (3x)

Purpose built hull based on tanker

Firm Proposal available from Korean yard

Bluewater example: Bleo Holm, Aoka Mizu

Selected Option will be determined by timing of project

Conversion
Tanker Conversion Work
Extensive repair work required for a reliable unit, amongst others:
New
Cargo piping and pumps
Accommodation interior
Powerplant
Controlroom
Decommissioned
- Boilers
- Turbines
- Cargo-pumps

New Build Hull

Newbuilding

New Build Hull

New Build Hull

New build Design

Budget Risks - New Built

%
Purchase Hull
R & LE Work
Structural Adaptation
Decommissioning
Ships Systems
Utilities/conversion
New FPSO System
Accommodation
Engineer/Proj Mgmt

55
18
8
4
11
4
100

Contingency %
3
9
10
10
6
25

Actual%
1.65
0.72
0.8
0.4
0.70
1.00
5.27

Budget Risks - Conversion New

Standard Tanker
% Contingency %
Purchase Hull
R & LE Work
Structural Adaptation
Decommissioning
Ships Systems
Utilities/Conversions
New FPSO System
Accommodation
Engineer/Proj. Mgmt.

55
5
5
2
8
3
5
7
10
100

3
12
20
20
20
20
20
20
20

Actual %
1.5
0.72
0.8
0.4
1.6
0.6
0.8
1.4
1.6
9.5

Budget Risks - Conversion Old

Tanker

Purchase Hull
R & LE Work
Structural Adaptation
Decommissioning
Ships systems
Utilities/conversions
New FPSO System
Accommodation
Engineer/Proj. Mgmt

% Contingency %

Actual

15
15
5
4
28
5
5
8
15

3.75
6.0
1.5
0.8
11.6
2.0
0.7
2.4
2.2

100

25
40
30
20
40
40
15
30
20

44.33

Conversion FPSO Designs

Brazil, (Albacora Leste, Marlim Sul)

Design for the conversion of a 320,000dwt tanker with

internal turret for 46/31 risers, waterdepth 1200/1400, tandem
offloading. Design by Bluewater,
Topsides 180,000/110,000 blpd , 180,000/110,000 bopd ,
220,000 bwpd injection, 210/82 mmscfd gascompression ,
Design by Paragon Houston/ABB Oslo

West Africa (Abo, Boabab)

Design for the conversion of a 320,000/270,000 dwt tanker
with external turret for 15 risers, waterdepth 900m, tandem
offloading. Design by Bluewater
Topsides 90.000 blpd, 70,000 bopd, 100,000 bwpd injection,
75mmscfd gascompression, Design by ABB Oslo

Purpose design

Purpose design
Norwegian waters
Exxon Mobile
Majority Share Bluewater

Lease versus Purchase

Lease versus Purchase

Dedicated fixed production facilities for marginal field has to be

depreciated in a few years

Mobile Production Units (MOPU) can provide a solution
A variety of MOPU types available; Jack-up, TLP, SPAR, Semisub FPU or FPSO
The FPSO is capable to operate as a stand-alone unit

Cost Oil Company

Field Development Initial Cost

Collection of Geophysical Data

Exploration Drilling
Development Drilling
Subsea Architecture: X-mas Trees, Flowlines,
Templates, Manifolds, etc.
Mobilisation to Site

Lease Costs
Lease Cost from Production Start

Facilities Fee :(provision of the FPSO dayrate)

Operations Fee :(crew & consumables, maintenance)
Logistics
:(supply boats, helicopters, etc.)
Shuttle Tankers

Leased FPSOs
Lease FPSO one Solution to Develop a Marginal Field

Initial field life 4-7 years FPSO design life 15-20 years
Redeployment
Residual value of facilities, cost sharing over multiple projects

Leased FPSOs
Multiple Projects

Redeployment to a new location with new or same client

Extended field life additional tie-in of new producers, water
injection, etc.
In most cases, upgrading of the original plant is likely be required.

Minor upgrading can be done offshore, major modifications will

require
inshore yard facilities.

Leased FPSOs
Contractors Risks with Redeployment

Expectation of client (use of an already partially

depreciated unit?)
FPSO idle after a project
Extensive modifications required to
accommodate a new project
Marketing when availability is uncertain
(extended production)

Operations

Bluewater Operations

Challenging projects/environments
Modern installations
Robust quality management system
Utilize local resources
Dedicated engineering support
Utilization of experience on existing fleet on new
projects

Main Operational Targets

Safe and accident free operations

Optimize asset utilisation (uptimes and throughput)
Control Operational Expenditure
Provide client the flexibility to respond to developments

 IOOC Sorush & Norows FSU for rent

IOOC Sorush & Nowrooz New Build
IOOC Golshan, Farsi, Forrozan, Hegan, Kish
Gas filed for sweet Gas and LPG FPSO
South Pars oil Layer FPSO (POGS)
Caspian oil Production FPSO for deep Water.