3g Protocals and Proccedures

DMA RAN Protocols and Procedu
Agenda
o WCDMA System Architecture
o Radio interface
o IUB ,IUR and Iu interface
o RRC (Radio Resource controller )Protocols
o RLC (Radio link controller) Protocols
o MAC and Physical layer function
N Fix
et e
w d
or
k
BTS
Abis
r
he
Ot MN
PL
CDMA System Architecture
PCU
MSC/VLR
BSC
GSM BSS
GMSC
Gb
SGSN
GGSN
IP
Netwo
rk
IuCS
Nodeb
Iub
RNC
Iu
IuPs
MGW
WCDMA
Systems RAN
SGSN
Handle the PS services to and from the UE.
Forwards incoming and outgoing IP packets addressed to/from an UE that is attached within
the SGSN SA
Provides functions such as ciphering and authentication, session management and mobility
management
GGSN
Interface to the external IP packet network
MGW
Connects the Core Network to the RNC
CS traffic.
CDMA RAN Interfaces. Uu
Iub
Iu
RNC
MSC
MGW
IUR
RNC
WCDMA RAN
UE
Every interface contains protocols used over it.
NAS messages
Protocol used over the Iub interface

o Node B Application Part Protocol (NBAP).
Protocol used over the Iur interface
o Radio Network Subsystems Application Part (RNSAP).
Protocol used over the Iu interface
o Radio Access network application part(RNAP)
NAS Messages
o Signaling between the UE and CN directly
SGSN
GGSN
Core Network
DMA RAN Interfaces (Contd).

CS Domain
Iu-CS
Signaling
MSC
MGW
data
RNC
PS Domain
Iu-PS
GGSN
In band Signaling
Direct tunneling
Iu-Bc
SGSN
Broadcast domain
CBC
CellBroadcastcenter
WCDMA RAN
Core Network
The Iu interface to the circuit switched domain, i.e. to the MSC, is referred to as Iu-CS.
The Iu interface to the packet switched domain, i.e. to the SGSN, is referred to as Iu-PS.
Protocols in WCDMA RAN

UE needs to contact the network which can be triggered either by:
o System information (Location Area Updating or Routing Area Updating)
o Timer expiring (Periodic Registration)
o Paging message received
o UE wants to initiate a call setup (Mobile Originating)
Exchange of signals between two entities.
o What nodes are involved ?
o What kind of information needs to be exchanged over the different interfaces?
Why protocol ?
o To be able to understand the kind of signaling messages that need to be sent and how
they are transmitted over the interfaces
tocols in WCDMA RAN(Contd)

ation Update
UE performs location updating
o To keep the network up to date with the subscribers location .
o UE doesnt miss incoming calls
How the UE gets information regarding the Location Area Identity (LAI) of the serving cell ?
o When the UE is idle, it listens to the system information on BCCH.
ample :LOCATION UPDATING
1
2
2
3
4
5
RN
C
1-UE reads from system information that the LAI is not the same as that stored in the
USIM. This triggers the UE to update the location area.
2-UE tries to access the network and sends a request message to the RNC, via the
RBS
The RNC checks if it is possible to allocate a dedicated channel to the UE.
3- Resources in the RBS and over the Iub interface are reserved by the RNC and
are ACK by the RBS
4. Information about the new channel is sent to the UE with a setup message.
5. Synchronization is achieved between the UE and the RBS, and the UE sends a
on Update and Routing area update(Con

1
2
2
3
4
5
RN
C
6
9
12
13
MS
C
VLR
8
10
11
HLR
6-The UE sends the request to update the location information to the CN.
o This message also carries the IMSI and LAI.
o Iu signaling bearer is set up between the RNC and the CN.
o There is now a signaling connection between the UE and the CN.
o As this is the first time the UE accesses this service area the subscriber is unknown
in the VLR.
7-The VLR sends a request to the subscribers HLR for Authentication Information.
8- The HLR sends this information to the VLR.
9-MSC/VLR starts to authenticate the subscriber.
o This message is transparent over WCDMA RAN.
10-After Authentication, the VLR asks the HLR to update its Location information for the
IMSI and with the
new VLR address
11- VLR receives an acknowledgement from the HLR.
AYERED STRUCTURE OF PROTOCO
ERED STRUCTURE OF PROTOCOLS

oSignaling message travels down in the protocol stack of the sending node.
oThe layers on the way add their specific information to the original message.
oMessage arrives at a receiving node.
oHandled upwards in the protocol stack, each layer in the receiving node analyzing
information added by the peer protocol.
User Data
010
010
Correction 10010 Peer layers 10010
addressing110010
110010
ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE
UE
RODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, UU

The interface is layered into three protocol
layers:
o The physical layer (L1);
o The data link layer (L2);
o Network layer (L3)
Network layer (L3)
Layer 3
Data link layer (L2)
Layer 2
Physical layer (L1)
Layer 1
RODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu

Layer 3
(Network layer )
oLayer 3 consists of one protocol, called Radio Resource Control (RRC), which belong to
the control plane.
o Function of RRC is to establish Signaling Radio Bearers between the UE and the RNC
to handle most of the control signals.
oRRC controls the lower layers
Control Plane
NAS
RRC
Layer 3
Note :
o Messages that are not meant for the RAN but for the CN are called Non Access
Stratum (NAS)
o Transferred transparently over the WCDMA RAN.
ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu (Contd)

Layer 2 (Data link layer)
oLayer 2 is split into different sub layers.

A- Radio Link Control (RLC)
Control Plane
B-Medium Access Control (MAC)

User Plan (User data)
NAS
Layer 3
RRC
Signaling Radio Bearers
Radio Bearers
RLC
MAC
RLC layer (Radio Link Control)
oRLC layer provides service in both
A-Control plane is called Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB)
a Radio Bearer (RB).
oSignaling Radio Bearer, SRB
Signaling messages between the UE and the RNC.
oRadio Bearer, RB.
User data transport between the UE and the RNC.
Layer 2
B-User plane it is called

oRLC make sure the messages have correct length
Long messages convert them to segments
Short messages add padding bits to them
oRLC instance is configured by RRC to operate in one of three modes
depending on the service :
User Plan (User
Control
Acknowledged Mode (AM),
data)
Plane SRB
RB
Unacknowledged Mode (UM)
Transparent Mode (TM).
RLC
oRLC map messages on different logical channels.
Logical Channels
Logical Channel
logical channels
Control Channels
adcast Control Channel (BCCH, DL)
Traffic Channels
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH, DL & UL)
Downlink channel for broadcasting system information.Point-to-point channel, dedicated to one UE,
Transferring user Information.
ing Control Channel (PCCH, DL)
Downlink channel that transfers paging information
Common Traffic Channel (CTCH, DL)
Traffic channel for sending traffic to a group of U
mmon Control Channel (CCCH, DL & UL)
Used by the UE needs to access the network.
dicated Control Channel (DCCH, DL & UL)

Point-to-point bi-directional channel
Transmits dedicated control information between UE and network.

MAC layer Medium Access Control
o Logical channels received from the RLC layer are mapped onto the transport
channels.
o Multiplex signaling and data to transport channels
Layer 2
RLC
RLC
Logical Channels
Logical Channels
MAC
Transport Channels
Transport channels
Common transport channel(Several users use the
same channel)
-Broadcast Channel (BCH) (DL)
Dedicated transport channel

(For exclusive use of one user)
-Dedicated Channel (DCH) (UL & D
Continuous transmission of system and cell information
Service data, such as speech fram
- Paging Channel (PCH) (DL)

When the network wants to initiate communication
with the terminal.
-Random Access Channel (RACH) (UL)

The RACH is an uplink transport channel used to make
requests to set up a connection
-Forward Access Channel (FACH) (DL)

Control signaling during call setup
Packet data transmission in low rates
-High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH)(DL)
Logical Channel
BCCH
Broadcast
Control Ch.
PCCH
Paging Control
Ch.
CCCH
Common
Control Ch.
CTCH
Common Traffic
Ch.
DCCH
Dedicated
Control Ch.
DTCH
Dedicated
Traffic Ch.
Transport Channels
Physical Channels
CPICH
Common Pilot Channel
(Aids channel estimation )
BCH
Broadcast Ch.
P-CCPCH(*)
Primary Common Control
Physical Ch.
PCH
Paging Ch.
FACH
Forward
Access Ch.
DCH
Dedicated Ch.
DCH
Dedicated Ch.
S-CCPCH
Secondary Common
Control
Physical Ch.
M
U
X
DPDCH (one or more

per UE)
Dedicated Physical
Data Ch.
DPCCH (one per UE)
Dedicated Physical
Control Ch.
Pilot /TPC /TFCI
AICH Acknowledges that

RBS has acquired a UE
Random Access attempt
(Acquisition Indicator
Channel)
HSDPA
HS-DSCH
High Speed DL
Shared Ch.
PICH
(Paging Indicator
Channel )
HS- PDSCH (one or more
per UE)
High Speed Physical
Downlink
HS-SCCH
shared Ch(<=4 per UE)
High Speed Shared Control
Ch
S/P
CH Code
SC code
Gain
I/Q
Modulat
or
hannel mapping
Logical Channel
Common
Control Channel
(CCCH)
Broadcast Channel
(BCH)
DCCH /DTCH
Forward Access
Channel (FACH)
Paging Control
Channel (PCCH)
Broadcast Control
Channel (BCCH)
Physical Channel
Transport Channel
Paging Channel
(PCH)
RACH

Physical Channel (PCCPCH)
RBS
Secondary Common Control
Physical Channel (SCCPCH)
Physical Random Access

Channel (PRACH)
Dedicated Physical Data

Channel (DPDCH)
UE
DCH
Dedicated Physical Control

Channel (DPCCH)
DSCH
Physical Downlink Shared
Channel (PDSCH)
Physical Common Packet
Channel (PCPCH)

Different MAC entities depend on the traffic type:
o MAC-b handles the transport channel for the broadcast channel.
o MAC-c handles the transport channels for common channels
o MAC-d handles all dedicated transport channels
o MAC-hs handles the HS-DSCH transport channels
o MAC-e handles the EUL

Layer 1 (physical layer)
Control Plane
oTransport channels are mapped onto

the physical layer.
NAS
oMapped to combination of:

Carrier frequency
Codes (channelization/scrambling
code pair)
Relative phase (UL only)
RRC
Layer 3
RB
SRB
RLC
Logical Channels
MAC
Logical Channels
Layer 2
Transport Channels
Physical
Layer
Layer 1
Exchanges of signaling and user data between the

UE and the UTRAN
Node
-B
Control Plane
Control Plane
User Plan (User da
RRC
L3
RRC
RN
C
L3
SRB
Radio
Bearer
RLC
Logical Channels
RLC
Logical Channels
L2
MAC
MAC
FP
Transport Channels
Laye
r1
PHY
L1
FP
AAL
2
ATM
Lay
er 1
L2
Transport Channel
AAL
2
ATM
PHY
L1
RAB
CN-CS
Signaling connection
UTRAN
RAB
CN-PS
Signaling connection
RA
B
Radio
Bearer
SC
SRB
Iu Signaling
Bearer
Iu
Bearer
oSC provides confidential transport of signaling between UE and CN

oRAB provides confidential transport of user data between UE and CN
oThe signaling Radio Bearers, SRB, can carry layer 3 signaling (RRC connection
establishment),
oA Radio Bearer responsible for transfer of data between UE and UTRAN.
oRadio bearers are mapped successively on logical channels, transport channels and
CN
RNC
Radi
RRC
Iu Signaling
o
Channel
Bearer
--------------Signaling
Radio
Link
Bearer--------------------------------------------------------------------Signaling
Connection--------------------------Traffic
Channel
--------------Traffic
Radio
Iu
Bearer
Bearer------------------------------------------------------------------RAB--------------------------------------------
RNC
CN
Conversational
--------------------------------------Voice Call
HSDPA RAB
--------------------------------------Streaming (TV)
HSDPA RAB
--------------------------------------interactive
(Browsing)
HSDPA RAB
--------------------------------------Background
Iu-PS Signaling
(Email)
(RANAP)
SRB
SGSN
Iu-CS Signaling
MGW
(RANAP)
oA user can have several RABs in case several services are required for
this user.
Four Major traffic classes can be identified:

Traffic class
Fundament
al
characteris
tics
Conversation
al class
conversation
al RT
Streaming
class
streaming RT
Interactive
class
Interactive
best effort
Background
Background
best
effort
High
Protection
as there is no
Retransmissio
n Protocol
No Delays in
both ways
High
Protection
as there is no
Retransmissio
n Protocol
Request and
Response
Re
transmission
Protocols are
used
Delays are
Accepted
Web
browsing
Emails
Mini Delay
(Buffers
compensate
the Delays)
Example of
the
application
voice
streaming
video
Exchanges of signaling between the UE and the CN

oExample for protocols used when delivering message from UE to CN
oMessage from UE to CN (NAS message)
NAS includes Mobility Management (Location area update)

Short Message Services (SMS).
NAS messages
Uu
Nod
e-B
RN
C
IUB
Peer
NAS
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
Layer
1
IU
FP
AAL
2
FP
AAL
2
CN
RANA
P
SCCP
MTP
-3b
NAS
RANA
P
SCCP
MTP
-3b
AAL5
AAL5
NNI
-SAAL
NNI
-SAAL
Laye
r 1 ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
Laye
r1
Laye
r1
Layer 1
Layer 1
RRC (Radio Resource Controller
C (Radio Resource Controller)
(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

RRC provides the following functions:
Broadcast of system information
Initial cell selection and cell re-selection.
Paging.
Establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and
RAN.
Transparent message transfer.
Establishment, reconfiguration and release of Radio Bearers.
o Capacity managements .
RRC connection mobility functions.
o Handover evaluation
UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting.
o Take the decisions based on measurements report

Example for RRC Messages..
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
oURA Update
RRC Connection Request
oURA Update Confirm
RRC Connection Setup
oCell Update
RRC Connection Reject
oCell Update Confirm
RRC Connection Setup Complete
oActive Set Update
RRC Connection Release
oActive Set Update Complete
RRC Connection Release Complete
oActive Set Update Failure
Paging Type 1 (CS Idle)
oCell Change Order From WCDMA RAN
Paging Type 2 (CS connected)
oCell Change Order From WCDMA RAN
Radio Bearer Setup
Failure
Radio Bearer Setup Complete
Radio Bearer Setup Failure
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete Failure
Radio Bearer Release
Radio Bearer Release Complete
Radio Bearer Release Failure
Physical Channel Reconfiguration
Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete
Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete Failure

RRC FUNCTIONS AND PROCEDURES
1- BROADCAST OF SYSTEM INFORMATION
The System Information messages are sent on BCCH logical channel
BCCH on BCH or FACH
DL idle
BCCH
(Logical)
BCH(Transport)
DL FACH
BCCH
(Logical)
FACH(Transport)
WCDMA RAN
P-CCPCH(*)
Physical Ch.
S-CCPCH
Physical Ch..
The UE reads system information on the BCCH when following occur:

- The UE is powered up
- The UE changes cell in Idle mode or in state CELL_FACH
- The UE is informed of a change of System Information.
- The UE moves from dedicated mode to common mode

2- INITIAL CELL SELECTION AND CELL RESELECTION
After the UE has read the system information, it shall use the cell selection
and Reselection parameters and choose the most suitable cell to camp on.
ll selection procedure
oThe cell consider as accepted if
Squal > 0 and Srxlev > 0
oSqual = Qqualmeas - qQualMin (For WCDMA)
Qqualmeas is CPICH Ec/No
qQualMin is minimum required Ec/No
oSrxlev = Qrxlevmeas qRxlevMin (for all cells)
Qrxlevmeas is CPICH RSCP
qRxlevMin is minimum required RSCP
Cell selection occurs when
UE is switched on
UE goes from common channel(cellFACH) to idle mode
UE goes from connected mode (cellDCH) to idle
UE goes to idle mode after an emergency call on any PLMN
UE in idle mode has had a number of failed RRC connection request

2- INITIAL CELL SELECTION AND CELL RESELECTION (Contd)
ll reselection procedure
3G F1
3G F2
GSM
3G F1
When it occurs
When cell on which it is camping is no longer suitable
When there is any neighbor with better quality than the selected one
When the UE in the limited service state on an acceptable cell
When the UE is in cell _FACH state

reselection procedure(Contd)
requency measurements starts when
l <= Sintrasearch
aSearch : Controls when intrafrequency measurements are performed
lmeas - qQualMin <= Sintrasearch
lmeas <= Sintrasearch + qQualMin
2. Inter frequency measurements starts when

Squal <= SinterSearch
Sintersearch : Controls when intrafrequency measurements are
performed
Qqualmeas - qQualMin <= SinterSearch
Qqualmeas <= SinterSearch + qQualMin

3. GSM measurements starts when
Squal <= sRatSearch
Qqualmeas <= sRatSearch + qQualMin
OR Srxlev <= SHcsRat
Qqualmeas <= sHcsRat + qrxlevmin
sRatSearch : Controls quality (Ec/No)Threshold at which GSM measurements are
performed
SHcsRat : Controls Signal Strength Threshold at which GSM measurements are
performed

Qqualmeas
-14
SRAT Search=4dB
Qqualmin
-18
GSM measurement
Qqualmeas <= Sintrasearch + qQualMin
Time

QRxlevmeas
-112
Qrxlevmin
-115
sHcsRat =3dB
GSM measurement
Qqualmeas <= sHcsRat +
qrxlevmin
Time

oWhen the UE triggers a cell reselections procedure it starts ranking for the cell satisfy
Scriteria
o (Squal > 0 and Srxlev > 0)
oRanking is done for the serving cell and the neighbor cell
o R(serving)= Qmeas(s)+qHyst(s)
o R(neighbor)= Qmeas(n)qOffset(s,n)
oQmeas:
is the quality value of the received signal
o CPICH Ec/No
o CPICH RSCP
oqHyst(s): hystersis value sent to mobile in system information used to delay the
reselection
o qHyst1 if the ranking based on CPICH RSCP
o qHyst2 if the ranking based on CPICH Ec/No
oqOffset(s,n): is the offset between the serving and the neighbor cell also used to shift
the cell boarder
o qOffset1sn : if the ranking based on RSCP.
o qOffset2sn : if the ranking based on Ec/No
oqualMeasQuantity
o Parameter that determine if we will do the ranking based on RSCP or Ec/No

Qmeas
R(S)
Qmeas(n)
R(n) >R(S)
R(n)
qOffset2SN=o
qHyst2=4
Qmeas(S)
TreSelection
Cell Re-Selection to Neig
Time

MTS to GSM cell Reselection

Qmeas
R(S)
Scriteria
Srxlev > 0
Srxlev > Qrxlevmeas qRxlevMin
qHyst1=4
Qmeas(n) (GSM)
qoffset1SN
R(N)
qrxlevmin
+SHcsSearch
Qrxlevmin
Cell Re-Selection to Neig (GSM

TreSelection
R(N)>R(S)
Qmeas(S)<
qrxlevmin+SHcsSearch
GSM measurements
Qmeas(S)
Time
3G States Introduction
CELL DCH
DL/UL
Cell FACH
DL /UL
Cell PCH
DL only
Idle
oUE has dedicated channel

o(DCCH) for control signaling
o (DTCH) is used for user data Transmission
oDCCH and DTCH are mapped onto dedicated transport
channels (DCH).
oThe UE performs measurements and sends reports to
the RNC
oUE has no dedicated channel allocated
oUE uses the common channels, RACH and FACH, for
signaling messages and small amounts of data (Transport
Channels)
oUE needs to send Cell Update messages to RNC every
time it selects a new cell.
oUE can only be reached via the Paging Indicator Channel
(PICH).
oBattery consumption of the UE very low because:
PICH includes (DRX) functionality.
UE does not have to monitor the FACH any more.
If the network initiates any activity
Page the UE.
When the UE receives the paging it changes to the
CELL_FACH state
performs a Cell Update.
IF UE initiates any activity
it triggers a switch to the CELL_FACH state
oA UE on FACH is switched down to Cell_PCH if it shows no
activity for a long period of time (system resources are
freed)

3- PAGING
This procedure is used to transmit paging information to selected UE in
o Idle mode
o CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state.
o Cell FACH and Cell DCH
oPICH is used to indicate to the UE when it should read the SCCPCH (Physical channels)
Idle /PCH
CELL_DCH
CELL_FACH
DL Idle
DL DCH
FACH
Paging type 1 PCCH/PCH
WCDMA RAN
Paging type 2 DCCH
WCDMA RAN
PCCH (Logical)
Paging Control
Ch.
PCH
(Transport)
Paging Ch.
DCCH(Logical)
FACH
(Transport)
S-CCPCH (Physical)
Physical Ch.
4-ESTABLISHMENT, MAINTENANCE AND RELEASE OF RRC

CCONNECTION
Connection Establishment
RNC
RRC Connection Request CCCH/RACH
RRC Connection Setup CCCH/FACH

WCDMA RAN
Connected
Mode
RRC Connection Setup Complete

DCCH/DCH
UL
CCCH (Logical
Channel)
Common Control
Ch.
RACH (Transport
Channel)
Forward Access Ch.
PRACH
(Physical Ch.)
DL
CCCH (Logical
Channel)
Common Control
Ch.
FACH (Transport
Channel)
Forward Access Ch.
S-CCPCH
(Physical Ch.)

4-ESTABLISHMENT, MAINTENANCE AND RELEASE OF RRC
CONNECTION (Contd)
Establishment Cause for RRC
connection
o Originating Conversational Call
o Originating Streaming Call
o Originating Interactive Call
o Originating Background Call
o Terminating Conversational Call
o Terminating Streaming Call
o Terminating Interactive Call
o Terminating Background Call
o Emergency Call
o Inter-RAT Cell Re-Selection
o Inter-RAT Cell Change Order
o Registration
o Detach
o Call Re-Establishment

Release the RRC connection cause
When contact with the UE is considered lost
When RAN has received a request from the CN to release the signaling connection.
RAN detects a need to release the connection.
RNC
CELL_DCH
DCCH:RRC Connection Release

DCCH:RRC Connection Release
Complete
CELL_FACH
CCCH/FACH: RRC Connection

Release
CCCH/RACH: RRC Connection
Release Complete
PICH
URA_PCH
PCCH (RRC Connection Release)

CCCH/RACH: RRC Connection
Release Complete
URA_PCH no
uplink channel in
URA
GNALING CONNECTION
oSignaling Connection is a connection between one Core Network (CN) and one UE
oThe Signaling Connection consists
one RRC Connection over RAN
one or two signaling connection over Iu interface
oEstablishment of the first Signaling Connection is initiated by the UE as soon as the
RRC Connection is successfully established.
Note that only one RRC Connection is used.
MSC
RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer
PS
S
C
S
C
CS
CN 1
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
RAN
RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer
S
C
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
UE
One RRC
Connection
SGSN
RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer
CN 2
naling Connection Release

oA signaling connection normally exists in conjunction with a RAB
oHowever, in some cases a signaling connection is established to perform control plane
actions that do not involve any user plane action, such as location area updating.
oSignaling connection release procedure is used to notify the UE that one of its
signaling connections has been released.
oThis procedure does not initiate the release of the RRC connection.
UE location
R
A
B
area
updating
S
C
Signaling Connection Release

RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
UE
One RRC
Connection
RNC
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
RAN
RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer
MSC
RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer
CN 1
ANSPARENT MESSAGE TRANSFER

o The UE sends Initial Direct Transfer
o This message carries the initial NAS message from the UE to the CN (Reason for
the access)
S
C
Initial Direct Transfer

(DCCH)
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
UE
One RRC
Connection
RNC
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
RAN
RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer
MSC
RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer
CN 1
Transfer of NAS messages at Mobile Originated Call Setup

RAN
RAN
CN
CN
RRC: RRC Connection Request

RRC: RRC Connection Setup
RRC Connection Setup complete
Initial Direct Transfer NAS: (Service Request)

RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer NAS: (Authentication Request)
Authentication Response
RRC: Security Mode Command
RRC: Security Mode Complete
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer NAS: (Setup)
(i want to make a
call)
Check Iu resources
RAB Assignment Request
Check RNC resources and QOS

RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer NAS: (Call Proceeding)
RRC: Radio Bearer Setup
RRC: Radio bearer Setup complete
RAB

RADIO BEARER
MANAGEMENT
RRC performs
o Radio Bearer
establishment,
o Radio Bearer
reconfiguration
o Radio Bearer release.
RB Manage
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
UE
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
RAB Assignment
Request
RANAP
RANAP
Iu
Iu
Transport
Transport
Layer
Layer
RAN
RANAP
RANAP
Iu
Iu
Transport
Transport
Layer
Layer
CN
adio Bearer Setup
RAB Assignment
Request
CN
RNC
RAB Assignment
Request
CN
RNC
RAB Assignment
Request
CN
RNC
Admission
Control,
Set QoS requirements
Radio Bearer Setup
RB Setup Complete
dio Bearer Reconfiguration

RB Reconfiguration
RB Reconfiguration
Complete
adio Bearer Release

Complete
L UPDATE
le in connected mode (DCH) the UE is always in SOFT handover

en finish the call (common channels)
ve to send cell update
ell the network where I am
Cell Update
RNC
Cell Update CCCH on RACH
Cell Update Confirm DCCH on
FACH
UL
DL
CCCH
(Logical)
DCCH(Logical
)
RACH(Transport)
FACH(Transport)
PRACH (Physical Ch.)

Physical Random Access Ch.
S-CCPCH (Physical)
Physical

The purpose of the cell update is to update the current location of the UE
when it is in
CELL_FACH /Cell PCH state.
In FACH/ CELL PCH
Cell update can be initiated with the following cause values:
o Periodic Cell update (expiry of timer) T305
o Cell Selection/ Reselection
Radio Link Supervision (Periodic Cell update (expiry of timer)

T305
What)is the radio link supervision ?
Is the algorithm supervises the radio connection between the UE and the UTRAN
Reason
o Check if the UTRAN still control the UE or not.
o Increase the efficiency of resources usage.
FACH
o Cell Update Message will be sent when:
When the UE change its serving cell
When t305 expires
Cell Update Message
Overall Connection
Release
T305 expires
T305
CCHWAITCUT
Start
UE Enters Cell
FACH
CCHWAITCUT Expire
CCHWAITC
UT
Cell Update
Confirmation
CCHWAITCUT Reset
RLC Protocols
RLC Protocols
Uu
User
data
RLC
Layer 2
RLC PCI
RLC PDU
User
data
RLC
Layer 2
RLC SDU
RLC
PCI
RLC SDU
RLC
PCI
Payload
MAC
Layer 2
Payload
MAC
Layer 2
MAC SDU
Layer 1
MAC SDU
Layer 1
e data unit is what I get from higher layers

otocol control information is added to get PDU protocol data unit (head
LC Protocols(Contd)
RLC Functions
mentation and re-assembly

t know the user data size so I make segmentation into block size to feet the PDU
embly I have to do the opposite on the other side
Uu
User data
RLC
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI
Payload
Payload
Payload
User data
RLC
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI
Payload
Payload
Payload
MAC SDU
MAC SDU
data 1
2-Concatenation
If the contents of an RLC SDU do not fill
RLC PDU
So I can concatenate in the PDU and use
the headers PCI to know the blocks
RLC
RLC
PCI
RLC PDU
SDU 2
RLC
SDU
SDU 1
LC Protocols(Contd)
RLC Functions
data 1
RLC
3-Padding
Data to be transmitted does not fill RLC SDU of
given size,
The remainder of the data field is filled with
padding bits.
RLC
PCI
RLC PDU
Dummy
bits
RLC
SDU
SDU
1
4-Transfer of user data

RLC supports data transfer in the below modes
o Acknowledged Mode
o Unacknowledged Mode
o Transparent Mode
Acknowledged Mode (AM)
Some data go through and get changed
if Error happened Retransmission is requested (interactive PS data)
User data
RLC
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI
Payload
Payload
Payload
Buffer
Buffer
Buffer
I have to put the data in buffer and Release it once I get ACK If get NACK I retransmit
the data in the buffer
LC Protocols(Contd)
RLC Functions
Unacknowledged Mode (UM)
Some data to through and get changed but no retransmissions happened
(Streaming )
User data
RLC
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI
Payload
Payload
Transparent Mode (TM).

Some data go through and no change happened on it
o Signaling
o No change happened to it
o As I designed it by 3GPP to feet the lower layers
CCCH
Amr Voice
LC Protocols(Contd)
RLC Functions
5-In-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs
RLC
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
User
data
1
2
3
MAC SDU
RLC
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
1
2
3
MAC SDU
6-Duplicate detection
Ensures that PDU is delivered only once to the upper layer.
7-Error correction
This function provides error correction by retransmission in the acknowledged
data transfer mode.
Operate in
ACK mode
8-Flow control
Keep the data in buffer until the resources are ready (Control the rate of
transmission)
Medium Access control Protocol) Prot
Medium Access control Protocol) Protocols
ta from RLC layer and put them on the Right transport channel
RLC
Logical Channels
Layer 2
MAC
Transport Channel
MAC Architecture UE Side
PCCH
BCCH
CCCH
DCCH DTCH
MAC -D
MAC
-e
MAC
-hs
E-DCH
HS -DSCH
MAC C
PCH
FACH
RACH
DCH
Physical Layer
hysical Layer Overview

Mapped to combination of
o Carrier frequency
o Code
o Relative phase (UL only)
Transport channels
Channel Coding
Multiplexing
Mapping to physical
channels
Spreading
Modulation
Air interface
GENERAL PROTOCOL MODEL

FOR WCDMA RAN INTERFACES
(IUB, IUR, IU)
GENERAL PROTOCOL MODEL FOR WCDMA RAN INTERFACES

VERTICAL PLANES
(IUB, IUR, IU)
HORIZONTAL LAYERS
Control Plane
Radio Network
Layer
RAN related issues
Transport
Network Layer
Transport technology
Application
Protocol
User Plane
Data
Stream
TN User Plane
TN User Plane
Signaling
Bearer
Data Bearer
Control Plane
o Application Protocol
Iu interface Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP)
Iur Interface Radio Network Subsystems Application Part (RNSAP)
Iub interface Node B Application Part (NBAP)
o Signaling Bearer for transporting the Application Protocol messages
User Plane
o User data, such as the coded voice in a voice call or the packets in an Internet
connection are transported via the User Plane.
o The User Plane includes the Data Stream(s) and the Data Bearer(s) for the Data
Stream(s).
GENERAL PROTOCOL MODEL FOR WCDMA RAN INTERFACES

(IUB, IUR, IU) Control Plane
User Plane
Application
Protocol
Data
Stream
Transport Network
Control Plane
Signaling
Bearer
ALCAP
Data Bearer
Signaling
Bearer
Transport Network Control Plane

ALCAP protocol (Access Link Control Application Protocol)
oALCAP has its own Signaling Bearer(s) needed for the ALCAP protocol(s).
oALCAP used to set up and release the Data bearers
(In the control plan)First there is a signaling transaction by the
Application Protocol
This signaling transaction triggers the set up of the Data Bearer by the
ALCAP protocol
GENERAL PROTOCOL MODEL FOR WCDMA RAN

INTERFACES (IUB, IUR, IU) (contd)
VERTICAL PLANES
User Plane
Control Plane
RNL
Application
Protocol
ORIZONTAL LAYERS
Transport Network
Control Plane
Signaling
Bearer
TNL
Data
Stream
ALCAP
Signaling
Bearer
Physical Layer
Data Bearer
IUB INTERFACE PROTOCOLS

RN
C
IuB Protocols
Nod
e-B
IUB INTERFACE PROTOCOLS

oIub interfaces the RBS to the RNC
Control Plane
PCH FP
NBAPD
HS_DS
CHFP
NBAP-C
RACH
FP
NBAP
DCH FP
RNL
User Plane
Node B Application Part (NBAP)
oEstablishment of a signaling connection over Iub.

oIt is divided into two essential components
NBAP-C
NBAP-D
oNBAP-C
Signaling that is not related to a specific UE.
oNBAP-D
Used for signaling relating to a specific UE context.
User plane Iub Frame Protocols (FP)
oThese are DCH-FP, RACH-FP, FACH-FP, HSDSCH FP and PCH-FP transport channel
IUB INTERFACE PROTOCOLS(Contd)

TNL defines procedures for establishing physical connections
between the RBS and the RNC.
Control Plane
NBAP-C
NBAPD
Transport Network
Control Plane
ALCAP
TNL
UNI-SAAL
AAL2
UNI-SAAL
ATM
o UNI-SAAL user to network signaling ATM Adaption Layer
o ALCAP Access Link control Application Part
o AAL2 ATM adaption layer Type 2
PCH FP
NBAP
RACH
FP
RACH
FP
DCH FP
RNL
User Plane
IUR INTERFACE PROTOCOLS

RN
C
IUR Protocols
RNC
IUR INTERFACE PROTOCOLS

oIUR interface connects two RNCs.
Radio Network Layer (RNL)
RNL
Control Plane
RNSAP
User Plane
DCH FP
oThe RNSAP protocol

o The RNSAP protocol is the signaling protocol defined for the Iur interface.
o It consists of four distinct functions:
Basic Inter-RNC mobility support (to allow signaling between RNCs)
Dedicated channel traffic support (to allow dedicated channels for user data
between RNCs, e.g. for soft handover)
Common channel traffic support (to allow common channel communication
between RNCs). Not supported by Ericsson.
Global resource management support (allows transfer of Node B timing info
and cell measurements between RNCs)
oThe User Plane for the RNL across the Iur can be based either:
common channel (not supported by Ericsson)
dedicated channel.
IUR INTERFACE PROTOCOLS (Contd)

RNL
Control Plane
User Plane
RNSAP
TNL
TN User
Plane
SCCP
DCH
FP
Transport Network
Control Plane
ALCAP
MTP3b
NNI-SAAL
TN User Plane
AAL2
NNI-SAAL
SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Protocol )

Provides the functionality to transport signaling messages
MTP-3b (Message Transfer Part layer 3)
provides message routing (for point-to-point link)
To adapt the SS7 signaling not that the SS7 signaling is not used in IUB
NNI-SAAL
Adapts the upper layer protocol to the requirements of the Lower ATM
IUR INTERFACE PROTOCOLS (Contd)

Control Plane
RNL
User Plane
RNSAP
DCH
FP
TN User Plane
TN User Plane
TNL
Transport Network
Control Plane
SCCP
ALCAP
MTP3b
NNI-SAAL
AAL2
NNI-SAAL
ATM
IU INTERFACE PROTOCOLS
RN
C
Iu Protocols
CN
IU INTERFACE PROTOCOLS (Contd)

oThe Iu interface connects the RNC to CN
Iu-CS interfaces the RNC to the MSC-server
Iu-PS interfaces the RNC to the SGSN
dio Network Layer (RNL)

Control Plane
RNL
RANA
P
Control plane protocol (RANAP)

Provides the signaling service between UTRAN and CN
RAB management
Transport of NAS signaling messages
User Plane protocols
data
User Plane
Data
CS Interface Protocols.
Control Plane
User Plane
RANAP
TN User Plane
PS Interface Protocols.
Iu-PS interface has instead of AAL2
plane:
GTP-U (GPRS Tunneling ProtocolUser)
(UDP) User Datagram Protocol
Internet Protocol (IP)
GTP-U:
GTP-U is user data bearer
towards the PS domain.
UDP
Transport of IP applications
SCCP
MTP3b
NNI-SAAL
Data
Transport Network
Control Plane
ALCAP
TN User Plane
AAL2
NNI-SAAL
ATM
Control Plane
User Plane
RANAP
TN User Plane
SCCP
Data
Transport Network
Control Plane
TN User Plane
GTP-U
MTP3b
UDP
NNI-SAAL
IP
AAL5
ATM
Thanks You

3g Protocals and Proccedures

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

3g Protocals and Proccedures

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

DMA RAN Protocols and Procedu

CDMA System Architecture

CDMA RAN Interfaces. Uu

Protocol used over the Iub interface

DMA RAN Interfaces (Contd).

Protocols in WCDMA RAN

tocols in WCDMA RAN(Contd)

ample :LOCATION UPDATING

on Update and Routing area update(Con

AYERED STRUCTURE OF PROTOCO

ERED STRUCTURE OF PROTOCOLS

Correction 10010 Peer layers 10010

ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE

RODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, UU

Data link layer (L2)

Physical layer (L1)

RODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu

ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu (Contd)

oLayer 2 is split into different sub layers.

B-Medium Access Control (MAC)

B-User plane it is called

ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu (Contd)

adcast Control Channel (BCCH, DL)

dicated Control Channel (DCCH, DL & UL)

ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu (Contd)

Dedicated transport channel

Continuous transmission of system and cell information

Service data, such as speech fram

- Paging Channel (PCH) (DL)

-Random Access Channel (RACH) (UL)

-Forward Access Channel (FACH) (DL)

DPDCH (one or more

AICH Acknowledges that

Primary Common Control

Physical Random Access

Dedicated Physical Data

Dedicated Physical Control

ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu (Contd)

ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu (Contd)

oTransport channels are mapped onto

oMapped to combination of:

Exchanges of signaling and user data between the

oSC provides confidential transport of signaling between UE and CN

Four Major traffic classes can be identified:

Exchanges of signaling between the UE and the CN

NAS includes Mobility Management (Location area update)

RRC (Radio Resource Controller

C (Radio Resource Controller)

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

The UE reads system information on the BCCH when following occur:

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

requency measurements starts when

aSearch : Controls when intrafrequency measurements are performed

lmeas - qQualMin <= Sintrasearch

lmeas <= Sintrasearch + qQualMin

2. Inter frequency measurements starts when

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd