NEW WAYS OF

THINKING
Done by: Salma Samy, Sarah Ehab, Gihad Izad,
Noura Wael

KEY IDEAS AND TERMS

European Renaissance thinkers and artists took a
new interest in
humanity and the world around them.
Critical thinking in Renaissance Europe led to the
Reformation.
Renaissance, humanism, perspective, reformation,
Catholic
Reformation.

Renaissance: or rebirth a time of a

renewed interest in the art and
learning.
The italian renaissance:
Italy is a peninsula in southern
europe.

TRADE GROWNS AND

CITIES COMPETE
Merchants adopted a system to deposit money and write
checks.
Italy was divided into city-states were often ruled by one
powerful family.
City-state fought often.
They invented taxes on property and income and other
ways to finance
their wars.

OLD AND NEW IDEA INSPIRE

Muslim mathematician Al-Khawarizmi had used
Hindu-Arabic numerals and developed algebra in the
700s.
During the Renaissance,European scholars took an
interest in ancient in ancient Greek and Roman
ideas.this was the beginning if HUMANISM,or the
study of secular, or nonreligious , subjects such as
history and philosophy.

ART COPIES NATURE

Renaissance artists imitated the realism of
classical art.
Renaissance painters used PERSPECTIVE, a
technique that allows artists to portray a threedimensional space on a flat surface.
Reading Check: What did humanists emphasize?
Humanists emphasized individual accomplishment
and serving the people of this world instead of
focusing such as history and philosophy.

T H E N O RT H E R N
R E N A I SS A N C E
These northern lands included England, Germany, and
Flanders
(a region now divided between France and Belgium).
Cities and countries began to specialize in the production
of
certain goods.

R E N A I SS A N C E I D E A S
SPREAD
Renaissance ideas spread to northern Europe in
several ways. First, traders brought the new ideas
with them. Second, rulers such as King Francis 1 of
France invited Renaissance scholars and artists to
visit their courts. Third, many northern nobles and
wealthy members of the middle class traveled to
Italy for their education.

RENAISSANCE IDEAS SPREAD

As more books became available, more people learned to read.
The English playwright William Shakespeare wrote brilliant plays
seen as key
works of Renaissance humanism.
Reading Check: Who spread Renaissance ideas to Northern
Europe? Traders
brought the new ideas with them, rulers such as King Francis I
of France
invented Renaissance scholars and artists to visit their courts,
many northern
nobles and wealthy members of the middle class traveled to Italy
for their eduation.

THE PROTESTANT
REFORMATION
Some learned Europeans began to read the Bible and
interpret it
for themselves instead of simple following the Churchs
interpretation.
Some felt that Church leaders were corrupt.
The printing press helped spread the desire for change.

LU T H E R C A L L S F O R R E F O R M
A german monk named Martin Luther studied the Bible and
came
to believe that people could neither buy nor earn pardon
for sin.
Luthers call for reform started the REFORMATION, a
religious
movement in which calls for reform led to the emergence
of nonCatholic, or Protestant, churches.
Reading Check: How did Martin Luther begin the
Reformation?

THE CHURCH RENEWS ITSELF

This helped Catholics remain loyal to the faith.

Mystics are people who aim to experience the
presence of God.

EXTRA QUESTIONS
What evidence shows that the Catholic Church had serious
problems?

Leaders were corrupt or had rich lifestyles, and

the Inquisition
took wealth from the people it put on trial.
What did Luther object to the sale of indulgences?
He believed that salvation came by faith alone,
not by
something a person could buy.