Motion Sensors

BY :Abdulaziz Moosa & Peshkaft Hussein

Superviced By: jawahir

OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
SENSOR
MOTION SENSORS
TYPES OF MOTION SENSORS
USING OF MOTION SENSORS
ADVANTAGES OF MOTION SENSORS
Motion Detection
TYPES OF MOTION SENSING
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
Motion Sensors are a class of device which reacts to or senses physical
motion parameters, including acceleration, rate, or distance. Inertial sensors
are a special class of device which reacts to motion of the sensor itself. Also,
motion sensors may indirectly measure motion by magnetic field changes, or
changes in pressure. A typical high end cell phone includes Gyroscopes,
Accelerometers, magnetic sensors, and pressure sensors to sense device
motion

SENSOR
A sensor (also called detector) is a device that detects and responds to some type
of input from the physical environment. The specific input could be light, heat,
motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a great number of other
environmental phenomena. The output is generally a signal that is converted to
human-readable display at the sensor location or transmitted electronically over
a network for reading or further processing.

MOTION SENSORS
The term Motion sensors also called as motion detector
A motion sensor is a device that detects physical movement on a
device or within an environment, it has the ability to detect and
capture physical movements in real time.

TYPES OF MOTION SENSORS

In general there are two types of motion sensors :1. Active Sensors
2. Passive sensors

ACTIVE SENSOR
An active sensor is asensing devicethat requires an external source of power to
operate .
Using by emitting signals and reflect by those signals then takes a necessary
actions
An example of active sensors is RADAR.

PASSIVE SENSORS
Passive sensors are different from active sensors which simply
detect and respond to some type of input from the physical
environment.
Do not emit signals but instead of it detect infrared radiation
around the sensor.

USING OF MOTION SENSORS

Automated lighting system
Security systems
Smart Floodlights
Burglar Alarm
Radar Guns

ADVANTAGES OF MOTION SENSORS

Saves time
Security
Easy to install
Saves energy
Powerful transmission

MOTION DETECTION
Motion detection is the process of detecting a change in position of an object
relative to its surroundings or the change in the surroundings relative to an
object.
Motion can be detected by:
Infrared (Passive and active sensors)
Optics (video and camera systems)
Radio Frequency Energy (radar, microwave motion detection)
Sound (microphones and acoustic sensors)
Vibration (seismic sensors)

TYPES OF MOTION SENSING

Basically, there are many types of motion sensing, but the major
ones are as mentioned below:1. Passive Infrared Motion Sensing.
2. Ultrasonic Motion Sensing.
3. Microwave Motion Sensing.

PASSIVE INFRARED MOTION SENSING

PIR sensor detects a human being moving around within
approximately 10m from the sensor. This is an average value, as
the actual detection range is between 5m and 12m.
They are sensitive to persons skin temperature through emitted
blackbody radiation on at mid infrared wavelengths, in contrast
to the objects at room temperature.

CONTINUED
Infrared sensors are characterized by high sensitivity, low cost
and are widely used.
An infrared motion detector can also be set to only pick up on
certain levels of heat, making it possible to ignore small animals.
Example:1. Automatic Door Opening System.
2. Proximity Sensors.
3. Automatic Counting Mechanisms.

ULTRASONIC MOTION DETECTORS

Ultrasonic motion detectors use sound waves to detect motion. If
movement is detected, the sound wave pattern is disrupted and
alarm is signaled.
It senses motion by analyzing sound waves in its environment.
These frequencies are generally inaudible to humans and most
animals and do not pass through objects .

CONTINUED
Active motion sensors generate sound waves in the ultrasonic frequency
range, typically around 30 to 50 kilohertz (kHz).
When no objects are moving in the area, the pattern of sound and the time it
takes to bounce back remain the same.

If something moves, the detector senses that the level or phase of the
returning sound waves has shifted slightly.

Example:1.

Ultrasound is also used in medical applications for imaging and surgery

2.

Sonar.

MICROWAVE MOTION SENSING

Microwave motion sensor systems send out microwaves that
bounce off an object and back to the sensor.
The sensor then reads the frequency of the returning waves.
If an object is moving, the sensor receives different microwaves
than the ones it sent out, signifying movement and setting off the
alarm.

CONTINUED
These types of motion sensor systems cover a larger area than infrared
sensors, they are capable of penetrating walls.
They are more reliable over longer distances.
Their radiation is unhealthy for living organisms.
Despite this, they are the least popular motion sensor system on the market
because of their cost.

CONCLUSION
To save the power and reduce the human energy in the normal
conditions based on sensors to control the devices.
We can control devices depend on sensor values. So, we can save
power also. By using this we can implement a power
management system with bidirectional visitors counting.
Motion sensors stand guard, ready to react to various situations,
such as movement in your living room, windows or doors being
opened or closed, or a broken window

REFERENCES
https://www.safety.com/blog/benefits-of-motion-sensors-anddetectors/
https://store.invensense.com/
http://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/