May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

Coexistence issues between 802.11p and

802.11ac in the proposed UNII-4 band
Authors:

Submission

Date: 2013-06-14

Slide 1

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

Abstract
Discussion of possible coexistence
techniques between 802.11p
(DSRC/WAVE) and 802.11ac extended
into the proposed UNII-4 band

Disclaimer: This presentation is for discussion purposes only, and does not represent the
official position of the presenters employers or any industry group
Submission

Slide 2

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

Overview

DSRC was designed for the 5.9GHz ITS band

Licensed under FCC Part 90 and 95

Uses communication outside the context of a BSS defined in 802.11p
No coexistence mechanism with commercial 802.11 ( 20 MHz channels)
FCC designates certain channels, e.g. V2V safety, control, public safety

802.11ac was designed with coexistence mechanisms for mixed

20/40/80/dual 80/160 environments
In NPRM 13-22, the FCC has proposed spectrum sharing between the
5.9GHz ITS band and unlicensed technologies such as 802.11ac
This will be called the UNII-4 band
DSRC devices are Primary; DSRC and U-NII are not peers
Since 802.11p and 802.11ac are both from the 802.11 family and have
similarities, band sharing might be simpler than with non-802.11
incumbent technologies (e.g. radar)
DSRC would take precedence in any band sharing proposal
Submission

Slide 3

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

802.11p overview (1)

Safety
Applications

Based on 802.11a (and 802.11j)

Uses 10 MHz channel option defined
with 802.11j ( clocked from 20 MHz)
Tighter spectral mask
Slightly different MAC (1609.x
enhancements)
So its NOT just a minor tweak to
802.11g/n/ac
Differences in layers above PHY and
MAC as well

SAE J2735
SAE J2945
IEEE
1609.2

Network and Transport

Layers - WSMP

IEEE
1609.3

Special FCC channel designations:

Ch. 172 is for vehicle collision
avoidance communication
Ch.178 is the control channel
Ch. 184 is for long distance public
safety communication

Transport
Layer
TCP/UDP

IETF RFC
793/768

Network
Layer
IPv6

IETF RFC
2460

LLC Sublayer
IEEE 1609.4

IEEE
802.2

MAC Sublayer Extension

MAC Sublayer

IEEE 802.11p

Europe: Similar band/channelization

Japan: Uses 11p PHY in 700 MHz, but
higher layers quite different.
Submission

Application Layer

Message Sublayer
Security Services

Safety App.
Sublayer

Non-Safety
Applications

Slide 4

PHY Layer

DSRC/WAVE Protocol Stack

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

802.11p overview (2)

DSRC Use Cases

Submission

Slide 5

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

DSRC Spectrum
Control

Power Limits
(dBm EIRP)

Shared Public Safety /Private Service

Short Range
Medium Range

Channel

Service

Service

Designated Public Safety

Long Range
V2V and
Intersections

Safety of Life

44.8 dBm

44.8
40.0

40 dBm

Public limit

33.0

Private limit

33 dBm

23.0

23 dBm

Ch 172
BSMs

Submission

Ch 174

Ch 176

Slide 6

Ch 178
CCH

Ch 180

Ch 182

5.925

5.915

5.905

5.895

5.885

5.875

5.865

5.855

5.850

Frequency(GHz)

Ch 184
Public
Safety

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

DSRC Middle Layers

Standardized by IEEE 1609 WG
IEEE 1609.2 Security
Defines authentication and encryption algorithms, data structures

IEEE 1609.3 Networking Services

Defines WAVE Short Message Protocol (WSMP) lightweight
alternative to UDP/IP
Defines WAVE Service Advertisement (WSA) sent on CCH to
advertise services in an area

IEEE 1609.4 Multi-Channel Operation

Defines time-division for rendezvous on CCH

Submission

Slide 7

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

DSRC Traffic Types

Communication at MAC sub-layer can be:
Unicast or Broadcast
Single hop or multi-hop

SAE standards define message formats and application

requirements
SAE J2735 DSRC Message Set Dictionary
Basic Safety Message
14 other message types

SAE J2945 DSRC Minimum Performance Requirements

Data element accuracy and age (vehicle sensors)
Transmission behavior (message frequency, modulation, Tx power)
Protocol dialogues
Submission

Slide 8

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

DSRC Device/Vehicle Types

Light Vehicle
Factory integrated (rich sensor data)
Aftermarket Safety Device (ASD, usually relies on GPS)
Vehicle Awareness Device (VAD, Tx only, full CSMA/CA MAC)
Emergency Vehicle
Police, Fire, Ambulance special Tx permissions
Commercial
Transit
Tracked (train, including light rail)
Motorcycle
Vulnerable Road User (road worker, pedestrian, bicycle)

Submission

Slide 9

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

802.11p PPDU Structure

Same as 802.11a, but twice the length

Submission

Slide 10

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

802.11ac Coexistence Mechanisms

This figure above from [2] illustrates how 20MHz systems can do
CCA
The figure below from [3] shows how an 80MHz system does
CCA on multiple 20MHz preambles

Submission

Slide 11

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

801.11ac techniques
802.11ac in the UNII-4 band detects 802.11p preambles during
CCA
Pros:
Leverages existing primary/secondary-n CCA
802.11p/DSRC doesnt have to do anything
Better solution than energy detection
False alarms from energy detection are very undesirable

Cons:
Preambles of 802.11p are twice as long as 11a/n
High power channels (178 and 184) will possibly cause adjacent and alternate
channel interference that CCA may not detect

After detection, what?

Channel transition interval
Non-occupancy interval

Submission

Slide 12

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

802.11p techniques
Transmit an intolerance bit
No particular advantage 11ac would have to be able to process
11p frames to do this, so 11ac might as well do CCA

Use of Service Channels in the upper part of the band

(Ch 180/182) first
Doesnt solve channel 172 problem

Others?

Submission

Slide 13

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

Other issues
There has been some discussion about moving the collision
avoidance channel (CH 172) to the upper part of the band
Puts two high powered signals in adjacent channels
Major change to existing DSRC channel definition
Requires significant re-testing of DSRC safety functions

The good news: If 802.11p and 802.11ac share a band, it creates

the opportunity for a single chipset/module with collaborative
coexistence like 802.11 Bluetooth (adaptive frequencies and
packet traffic arbitration)
Between adaptive frequency hopping and PTA, 802.11-Bluetooth coexistence is
pretty good
802.11p and 802.11ac arent equal in regulatory, so arbitration rules would be
different

Submission

Slide 14

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

Conclusion
Both 802.11ac and 802.11p are baked
802.11p wasnt designed for band sharing
802.11ac cant process 10MHz channels

802.11p is the primary user in the band

Puts the burden on 802.11ac to adapt for sharing
802.11ac has to protect 802.11p traffic

10MHz CCA in 802.11ac is one way forward

Double length preamble
Up to 7 possible channels to monitor
Adjacent/alternate channels are problematic

NPRM process is rolling

Industry must come to consensus soon

Submission

Slide 15

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)

May 2013

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/0552r0

References
[1] ETSI DSRC standard
http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/302600_302699/302663/01.02.
00_20/en_302663v010200a.pdf

[2] Perahia and Stacey presentation on 11ac at Globecom

http://www.ieee-globecom.org/2012/private/T3M.pdf

[3] Minyoungs paper on dynamic channel access in 11ac

http://202.194.20.8/proc/ICC2011/DATA/03-063-02.PDF

Submission

Slide 16

Jim Lansford (CSR Technology), John Kenney (Toyota ITC)